Nature contact in the workplace has been recognized as a protective factor for well-being and occupational stress reduction. The Nature Contact Questionnaire (NCQ; Largo-Wight et al., 2011) is one of the few instrument that systematically measures nature contact at work across three dimensions: outdoor, indoor, and indirect contact. To date, however, no validated Italian version exists. The present study aimed to validate the Italian version of the NCQ on a sample of 581 Italian workers. Following the original authors' analytical approach, items with insufficient response variability (items 7, 8, and 14) were excluded. The three-factor structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results supported the hypothesized three-factor structure, with good model fit indices (RMSEA = .04, 90% CI [.03, .05]; CFI = .97; TLI = .96; SRMR = .04). Factor loadings were generally adequate for the outdoor (λ = .51–.89) and indoor (λ = .43–.86) factors. The indirect factor showed greater heterogeneity in loadings (λ = .13–.82), suggesting that some items may require revision or cultural adaptation for an Italian context. Correlations among factors were low (r = .09–.17), confirming their distinctiveness. Internal reliability was good for the outdoor (α = .77, ω = .79) and indoor (α = .75, ω = .77) subscales, and acceptable for the indirect subscale (α = .50, ω = .58). These findings provide preliminary support for the psychometric validity of the Italian NCQ, offering a useful tool for future research on workplace health promotion in Italian-speaking populations.
Italian validation of the Nature Contact Questionnaire (NCQ): A confirmatory factor analysis
Camilla Marossi;Elisa Menardo;Margherita Pasini;Margherita Brondino
2026-01-01
Abstract
Nature contact in the workplace has been recognized as a protective factor for well-being and occupational stress reduction. The Nature Contact Questionnaire (NCQ; Largo-Wight et al., 2011) is one of the few instrument that systematically measures nature contact at work across three dimensions: outdoor, indoor, and indirect contact. To date, however, no validated Italian version exists. The present study aimed to validate the Italian version of the NCQ on a sample of 581 Italian workers. Following the original authors' analytical approach, items with insufficient response variability (items 7, 8, and 14) were excluded. The three-factor structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results supported the hypothesized three-factor structure, with good model fit indices (RMSEA = .04, 90% CI [.03, .05]; CFI = .97; TLI = .96; SRMR = .04). Factor loadings were generally adequate for the outdoor (λ = .51–.89) and indoor (λ = .43–.86) factors. The indirect factor showed greater heterogeneity in loadings (λ = .13–.82), suggesting that some items may require revision or cultural adaptation for an Italian context. Correlations among factors were low (r = .09–.17), confirming their distinctiveness. Internal reliability was good for the outdoor (α = .77, ω = .79) and indoor (α = .75, ω = .77) subscales, and acceptable for the indirect subscale (α = .50, ω = .58). These findings provide preliminary support for the psychometric validity of the Italian NCQ, offering a useful tool for future research on workplace health promotion in Italian-speaking populations.
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