Rethinking Active Labour Market Policies through a WOP lens

This study explores how active labour market policies (ALMPs) can be reinterpreted through the theoretical and applied lens of Work and Organizational Psychology (WOP). Drawing on a qualitative and quantitative monitoring project conducted in the Veneto Region (Italy), we examined the implementation and perceived effectiveness of two key programmes: GOL and Work Experience. The analysis is based on a mixed-methods approach involving 960 beneficiaries (n = 960) and highlights both structural strengths and persistent challenges—particularly in terms of employability outcomes and individualized support. Findings show that while users report high satisfaction with interpersonal support and skill development, perceived alignment with labour market opportunities remains limited. To interpret these results, we applied contemporary WOP-based models of employability (e.g., Fugate et al., van der Heijde & van der Heijden, Lo Presti & Pluviano), which conceptualize employability as a multidimensional and psychosocial construct. These frameworks helped explain the differentiated trajectories observed and the importance of relational, motivational, and contextual factors in shaping activation processes. We argue that WOP can offer valuable insights not only through the employability construct, but also by supporting the design of activation services that integrate technical training with identity development, resilience-building, and narrative support. This contribution highlights the role of psychology in bridging the gap between labour policy design and the complex human experience of work transitions.