Foster employability and fight social exclusion through the development of lifelong learning (LLL) key-competences: reviewing twenty years of LLL policies

PurposeThis study aims to provide an overview of the past two decades of lifelong learning (LLL) policies for enhancing employability and reduce social exclusion in young people of European countries through the development of the so-called LLL key-competences.Design/methodology/approachBuilt on a quasi-systematic review, this contribution explores traditional and new methods for promoting the LLL transition, and then employability, in young adults (e.g. apprenticeship, vocational training, e-learning, etc.).FindingsIt argues the need to identify all the possible approaches able to support policymakers, as they can differently impact key-competence development.Originality/valueFinally, based on the consolidated EU policy experience, we propose a strategy of implementation of the LLL programmes that facilitates the institutions' decision processes for policy-making through the use of decisional support system.