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Innovations in modeling and numerical methods for evolutionary PDEs: theory and applications

The numerical simulation of complex physical systems plays an instrumental role in modern scientific and engineering advancements. Within this framework, evolutionary partial differential equations (PDEs) are of interest in a wide range of physically relevant situations, such as computational fluid and solid mechanics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, and computational astrophysics. However, these types of PDEs are characterized by significant computational difficulties...

High order numerical discretizations of the Einstein-Euler equations in the generalized harmonic formulation

We propose two new alternative numerical schemes to solve the coupled Einstein-Euler equations in the Generalized Harmonic formulation. The first one is a finite difference (FD) Central Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (CWENO) scheme on a traditional Cartesian mesh, while the second one is an ADER (Arbitrary high order Derivatives) discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme on 2D unstructured polygonal meshes. The latter, in particular, represents a preliminary step in view of a full 3D nume...

Diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound through-the-needle microforceps biopsy of pancreatic cystic lesions: Systematic review with meta-analysis

Objectives Endoscopic ultrasound through-the-needle biopsy (EUS-TTNB) is a useful tool for differential diagnosis among pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). Cystic fluid cytology (CFC) is recommended by guidelines, but its diagnostic accuracy is about 50%. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the clinical impact of EUS-TTNB in terms of technical success (TS), histological accuracy (HA) and diagnostic yield (DY).Methods Original studies in English language on EUS-TTNB were searched in MEDLI...

Endoscopic ultrasound through-the-needle biopsy of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: Update on indications, safety profile, and research directions

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are often benign; however, a subset carries malignant potential, making accurate diagnosis essential to avoid both missed malignancies and overtreatment. Conventional tools, such as cyst fluid cytology and biochemical analysis, have limited sensitivity, often leading to misdiagnosis. This review summarizes the role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided through-the-needle biopsy (EUS-TTNB) for PCL diagnosis, incorporates recent ESGE recommendations, and discusses fut...

Comparative efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatments for gastric varices: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background The best endoscopic treatment for gastric varices is currently unclear. We performed a network meta-analysis combining direct and indirect comparisons among the different techniques currently in use. Methods We identified 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 760 patients) comparing endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection, endoscopic thrombin injection, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided cyanoacrylate injection, EUS-guided coil injection, EUS-guided coil+cyanoacrylate injection, and la...

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