Knottins or cystine-knot miniproteins (CMPs) are a class of cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins identified in eukaryotes. They are characterized by a very small size and by the presence of a C-terminal knot domain with six conserved Cys forming three disulfide bonds, conferring stability and resistance to high temperatures, proteolysis and chemical chaotropic agents. In plants, members of the knottin family participate in defense against pathogens and herbivores acting as inhibitors of proteases or amylases or displaying antimicrobial and insecticidal properties (Daly & Craik, 2011). Moreover, knottins have been found as associated with nickel (Ni) tolerance in a Ni-hyperaccumulator ecotype of Noccaea caerulescens (Halimaa et al., 2014) and with cadmium (Cd) accumulation in tobacco (Harada et al., 2010). Due to their biological activity, knottins have been considered for their potential application for therapeutical purposes: in particular, two tomato CMPs, TCMP-1 and TCMP-2, are able to inhibit angiogenesis without affecting endothelial cell proliferation and viability, both in vitro and in vivo, and to reduce cell migration (Treggiari et al., 2015). In tomato plants, TCMP-1 and TCMP-2 expression is strictly regulated and associated with flower buds before anthesis and ripe fruits, respectively. This evidence, as well as the earlier fruit setting observed when perturbing TCMP-1 expression, indicate a role in fruit development (Molesini et al., 2018).
TOMATO KNOTTIN TCMP-1 PLAYS A ROLE IN CADMIUM TOLERANCE
Fasani E.;Molesini B.;Pandolfini T.;Furini A.
2018-01-01
Abstract
Knottins or cystine-knot miniproteins (CMPs) are a class of cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins identified in eukaryotes. They are characterized by a very small size and by the presence of a C-terminal knot domain with six conserved Cys forming three disulfide bonds, conferring stability and resistance to high temperatures, proteolysis and chemical chaotropic agents. In plants, members of the knottin family participate in defense against pathogens and herbivores acting as inhibitors of proteases or amylases or displaying antimicrobial and insecticidal properties (Daly & Craik, 2011). Moreover, knottins have been found as associated with nickel (Ni) tolerance in a Ni-hyperaccumulator ecotype of Noccaea caerulescens (Halimaa et al., 2014) and with cadmium (Cd) accumulation in tobacco (Harada et al., 2010). Due to their biological activity, knottins have been considered for their potential application for therapeutical purposes: in particular, two tomato CMPs, TCMP-1 and TCMP-2, are able to inhibit angiogenesis without affecting endothelial cell proliferation and viability, both in vitro and in vivo, and to reduce cell migration (Treggiari et al., 2015). In tomato plants, TCMP-1 and TCMP-2 expression is strictly regulated and associated with flower buds before anthesis and ripe fruits, respectively. This evidence, as well as the earlier fruit setting observed when perturbing TCMP-1 expression, indicate a role in fruit development (Molesini et al., 2018).
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