Cholangiocarcinoma risk factors and the potential role of aspirin

Choi et al. are to be congratulated on their work that adds to an already abundant literature on the topic of aspirin and cancer prevention. However, the retrospective design of the study, as well as the relative lack of detailed data on dosing, duration of usage, and concomitant other medications, do not allow for definitive evidence to support routine recommendations for daily aspirin usage. In an era of individualized medicine, future, prospective trials should aim to identify those subsets of patients who might benefit the most from aspirin usage, as well as further delineate the underlying mechanism of action related to this potential chemopreventative approach.