Focused Review: Agmatine in fermented foods

Galgano, F.; Mcaruso, M.Caruso; Ncondelli, N.Condelli; Ffavati, F.Favati

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00199

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Polyamines(PAs)areubiquitoussubstancesconsideredtobebioregulatorsofnumerouscellfunctions;theytakepartincellgrowth,division,anddifferentiation.Thesebiogenicaminesarealsoinvolvedintissuerepairandinintracellularsignaling;infact,becauseoftheirpolycationiccharacter,theyinteracttoalargeextentwithmembranephospho-lipidsandmayplayanimportantroleintheregulationofmembrane-linkedenzymes.Theintracellularpolyaminecontentderivesfromthesimultaneousregulationofthesynthesis,catabolism,uptake,andeliminationofthepolyamines;furthermore,PAsarepresentinallcelltypesatdifferentconcentrations,butthehighestlevelsarefoundinrapid-turnovertissues.Inadditiontospermidine,spermine,andputrescine,alsoagmatine(AGM),deriv-ingfromarginineandidentifiedinmammalsinthe1990s,isapolyamineandseveralstudieshavereporteditspotentiallypositiveroleintheproductionofsecretagogues,andinneuronal,vascular,metabolic,andtherapeuticfunctions.Becauseofthelowargininedecarboxylase(ADC)activityinmammalians,theamountsofAGMfoundintheirtissuescanbeonlyminimallyascribedtoanendogenousdenovosynthesisbyADC,whileasub-stantialquantityofAGMmaybeofdietaryorigin.Severalfoodproductscontainonlysmallamountsofpolyamines,whilehigherconcentrationscanbefoundinfermentedfoods.PAscouldalsobeconsideredasindicatorsoffreshnessinfishandmeatproducts;asthesemoietiesareproducedduringfoodstorage,itwouldseemtoconfirmthemainroleofmicroorganismsintheirsynthesis.Inparticular,highlevelsofAGMarepresentinalcoholicbeverages,suchaswine,beer,sake,whichwouldseemtoconfirmtheroleofyeastsinAGMproduction.Althoughmanybiologicalfunctionshavebeenattributedtopolyamines,highlevelsofthesecompoundsinfoodstuffscanhavetoxicologicaleffects;however,nosafelevelfortheintakeofpolyaminesinadiethasyetbeenestablished.InthispaperthepresenceofAGMindifferentfoodstuffsisdiscussed,alsotakingintoaccountthevariousfactorsaffectingitspresenceandconcentration.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: http://hdl.handle.net/11562/554826

Titolo:	Focused Review: Agmatine in fermented foods
Autori interni:	Favati, Fabio
Data di pubblicazione:	2012
Rivista:	FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Abstract:	Polyamines(PAs)areubiquitoussubstancesconsideredtobebioregulatorsofnumerouscellfunctions;theytakepartincellgrowth,division,anddifferentiation.Thesebiogenicaminesarealsoinvolvedintissuerepairandinintracellularsignaling;infact,becauseoftheirpolycationiccharacter,theyinteracttoalargeextentwithmembranephospho-lipidsandmayplayanimportantroleintheregulationofmembrane-linkedenzymes.Theintracellularpolyaminecontentderivesfromthesimultaneousregulationofthesynthesis,catabolism,uptake,andeliminationofthepolyamines;furthermore,PAsarepresentinallcelltypesatdifferentconcentrations,butthehighestlevelsarefoundinrapid-turnovertissues.Inadditiontospermidine,spermine,andputrescine,alsoagmatine(AGM),deriv-ingfromarginineandidentifiedinmammalsinthe1990s,isapolyamineandseveralstudieshavereporteditspotentiallypositiveroleintheproductionofsecretagogues,andinneuronal,vascular,metabolic,andtherapeuticfunctions.Becauseofthelowargininedecarboxylase(ADC)activityinmammalians,theamountsofAGMfoundintheirtissuescanbeonlyminimallyascribedtoanendogenousdenovosynthesisbyADC,whileasub-stantialquantityofAGMmaybeofdietaryorigin.Severalfoodproductscontainonlysmallamountsofpolyamines,whilehigherconcentrationscanbefoundinfermentedfoods.PAscouldalsobeconsideredasindicatorsoffreshnessinfishandmeatproducts;asthesemoietiesareproducedduringfoodstorage,itwouldseemtoconfirmthemainroleofmicroorganismsintheirsynthesis.Inparticular,highlevelsofAGMarepresentinalcoholicbeverages,suchaswine,beer,sake,whichwouldseemtoconfirmtheroleofyeastsinAGMproduction.Althoughmanybiologicalfunctionshavebeenattributedtopolyamines,highlevelsofthesecompoundsinfoodstuffscanhavetoxicologicaleffects;however,nosafelevelfortheintakeofpolyaminesinadiethasyetbeenestablished.InthispaperthepresenceofAGMindifferentfoodstuffsisdiscussed,alsotakingintoaccountthevariousfactorsaffectingitspresenceandconcentration.
Handle:	http://hdl.handle.net/11562/554826
Appare nelle tipologie:	01.01 Articolo in Rivista

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