Kol(lektivnoe) choz(jajstvo): loan or calque? Realia and translation choices

This study will focus on one particular Russian realia, koaxo3 [kolchoz], which entered the Italian language through different ways, both in the form of a loan, through various types of adaptations, especially from the point of view of the external formal aspect, and in the form of a calque or semi- calque, as we'll see below. We'll focus our attention first of all on its presence within dictionaries, monolingual Italian and bilingual Russian- Italian ones, trying to point out particular kind of interferences and/or contacts involved in the process of translation from Russian to Italian, from a lexical-semantic, graphic and phonetic point of view. We'll then compare some of its translations within narrative texts, involving hence different strategies and processes. We'll find out how translation choices can differ with respect to the purposes of the work and the public they are addressed to.