Physical activity: Benefits and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted physical activity (PA) routines due to restrictions like social distancing and gym closures. This letter highlights the critical role of PA in mitigating risks associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which increase susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes. While moderate-intensity PA boosts immune function, prolonged high-intensity exercise and its impact on immune suppression remain debated. Additionally, PA’s influence on ACE2 receptor expression, a key entry point for the virus, requires further investigation. Home-based exercise has become essential, supported by digital platforms, wearable technologies, and WHO recommendations for weekly PA. However, tailored, evidence-based guidelines for various fitness levels and clinical conditions are still lacking. Beyond its physical benefits, PA is vital for mental health, helping alleviate stress and depression caused by isolation. This letter underscores the urgent need for specific recommendations to promote PA during the pandemic.