Flexible temporal constraint management in modularized processes

Managing temporal process constraints in modularized processes is an important task, both during the design, as it allows the reuse of temporal (child) process models, and during the checking of temporal properties of processes, as it avoids the necessity of ‘‘unfolding’’ child processes within the main process model. Taking into account the capability of providing modular solutions, modeling and checking temporal features of processes is still an open problem in the context of process-aware information systems. In this paper, we present and discuss a novel approach to represent flexible temporal constraints in modularized time-aware BPMN process models. To support temporal flexibility, allowed task durations are represented through guarded ranges that allow a limited (guarded) restriction of task durations during process execution if it is necessary to guarantee the satisfaction of all temporal constraints. We, then, propose how to derive a compact representation of the overall temporal behavior of such time-aware BPMN models. Such compact representation of child processes allows us to check the dynamic controllability (DC) of a parent timeaware process model without ‘‘unfolding’’ the child process models. Dynamic controllability guarantees that process models can have process instances (i.e., executions) satisfying all the temporal constraints for any possible combination of allowed durations of tasks and child processes. Possible approaches for even more flexibility by solving some kinds of DC violations are then introduced. We use a real process model from a healthcare domain as a motivating example, and we also present a proof-of-concept prototype confirming the concrete applicability of the solutions we propose, followed by an experimental evaluation.