Background. There is a growing interest to study and measure positive behavioural, cognitive and emotional outcomes among sport performers at different levels (professional, sub-elite athletes, amateurs) and non-sport performers in order to identify beneficial activities in various diseases and to implement psychological drivers for the promotion of greater athletic achievement and healthier lifestyles. Purpose. We aim at comparing psychological variables in different sport populations and to analyse the type and effectiveness of the main measures used for their assessment (qualitative data, quantitative data, and modern technology-based assessments) Methods: The protocol was written in accordance to the PRISMA checklist and the search string was discussed with a qualified librarian. The studies were identified via databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsychLIT, PsycARTICLES, ISI Wos, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus), reference lists of included studies and experts in the field. Outcomes of interest include behavioural, cognitive and emotional outcomes among sport performers at different levels. Randomised studies, non-controlled studies, case-control, and cohort studies including human subject (with no restriction of publication year or language) are included. Data retrieved from eligible articles include study design, demographics, sport level and type, type of assessment (laboratory or in situ), instrument (scale or other), study variable and outcomes (psychological responses; self-efficacy; wellbeing; quality of life, etc.). Risk of bias and quality of the included publications is appraised with quality checklists according to the study design. To estimate the average effect size, a random effect model is used because we anticipate to retrieve studies using different methods in different populations. Heterogeneity is assessed by I2 test. Subgroup meta-analysis is performed according to sport level, type of sport, type of assessment, risk of bias. Funnel plotting is used to evaluate the risk of publication bias. Results. Qualitative analysis and, if applicable, meta-analysis results will be presented at ICP. Conclusions. A comprehensive review of psychological variables and their measurements in sport performers at different levels is highly needed to design potential interventions and allow reproducible analyses.
An evaluation of the state of the art of psychological variables among people who exercise at different levels
Michael Dwyer
;Margherita Pasini;
2021-01-01
Abstract
Background. There is a growing interest to study and measure positive behavioural, cognitive and emotional outcomes among sport performers at different levels (professional, sub-elite athletes, amateurs) and non-sport performers in order to identify beneficial activities in various diseases and to implement psychological drivers for the promotion of greater athletic achievement and healthier lifestyles. Purpose. We aim at comparing psychological variables in different sport populations and to analyse the type and effectiveness of the main measures used for their assessment (qualitative data, quantitative data, and modern technology-based assessments) Methods: The protocol was written in accordance to the PRISMA checklist and the search string was discussed with a qualified librarian. The studies were identified via databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsychLIT, PsycARTICLES, ISI Wos, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus), reference lists of included studies and experts in the field. Outcomes of interest include behavioural, cognitive and emotional outcomes among sport performers at different levels. Randomised studies, non-controlled studies, case-control, and cohort studies including human subject (with no restriction of publication year or language) are included. Data retrieved from eligible articles include study design, demographics, sport level and type, type of assessment (laboratory or in situ), instrument (scale or other), study variable and outcomes (psychological responses; self-efficacy; wellbeing; quality of life, etc.). Risk of bias and quality of the included publications is appraised with quality checklists according to the study design. To estimate the average effect size, a random effect model is used because we anticipate to retrieve studies using different methods in different populations. Heterogeneity is assessed by I2 test. Subgroup meta-analysis is performed according to sport level, type of sport, type of assessment, risk of bias. Funnel plotting is used to evaluate the risk of publication bias. Results. Qualitative analysis and, if applicable, meta-analysis results will be presented at ICP. Conclusions. A comprehensive review of psychological variables and their measurements in sport performers at different levels is highly needed to design potential interventions and allow reproducible analyses.
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