The governmentality of corporate (un)sustainability: the case of the ILVA steel plant in Taranto (Italy)

The present research aims to investigate the role of states in governing the sustainability trajectories and decisions of companies and their local communities. Drawing on Dean's (Governmentality: power and rule in modern society, SAGE, London, 2009) analytics of government as the theoretical framework, the paper focuses on detecting how the Italian Government problematised the sustainability-related risks associated with the ILVA steel plant in Taranto, whose levels of pollution have worried both the Italian authorities and the European Union Commission. The analysis also considers the regimes of governance under which the risks have been addressed and then explains the utopian ideal that the Italian Government tried to achieve by allowing the company to continue its activity, contrary to the Italian Judiciary's provision to halt the hot working area of the steel plant in July 2012. Patterns related to Dean's framework were identified through an iterative process of manual elaborative coding of the official documents ascribable to the main actors involved in governing the sustainability-related risks at ILVA. The findings show that the Italian Government took its decisions on ILVA in the name of relevant risks of unemployment, economic development and territorial competitiveness. The Italian Government adopted several practices of governance to make these risks more visible and to silence the environmental and health risks that, otherwise, would have emphasised the unsustainability of the business activities. The paper extends the growing body of research that investigates corporate (un)sustainability practices by showing how states may directly influence sustainability-related corporate risks in the name of a higher public interest.