What really matters for a successful implementation of Lean production? A multiple linear regression model based on European manufacturing companies

The main purpose of this paper is to provide a framework of factors for succeeding in Lean implementation, in particular in the manufacturing sector. From a literature review, 11 potential factors for a successful Lean implementation were found and tested as hypotheses to develop a multiple linear regression model. The factors were presented as questions in an on-line questionnaire completed by 108 Lean managers and production managers of European manufacturing; the managers could also contribute qualitative notes on the questions to improve our analysis of the data. Findings showed that a successful Lean implementation is connected with the setting of Lean strategies, training people, developing team building and effort, as well as putting in place a performance measurement system and measuring financial and economic results. The first three factors correlated with a catch-all leadership factor. However, other findings showed that empowerment and autonomy of workers were not relevant for Lean implementation. The managers also commented on the financial sustainability of the program, the relationship with ISO 9001 certification and the supply chain involvement. The results of this research, even if subjected to some limitations, contradicted some of the findings of other research and also introduced some novel and unexpected findings.