Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult, multipotent stem cells of mesodermal origin. In addition to their stem cell properties, MSCs possess broad immunosuppressive functions influencing both adaptive and innate immune effector cells (IECs). This anti-inflammatory potential is triggered by the release of inflammatory cytokines produced by immune cells in the microenvironment. Indeed, high levels of inflammatory cytokines induce MSCs to become immunosuppressive (primed-MSCs). The immunosuppressive potential of primed-MSCs results from a dynamic interaction between MSCs and IECs mediated by the release of bioactive factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secreted by many cell types and influence various biological processes, both directly activating cell surface receptors through bioactive ligands and delivering transcription factors, oncogenes, mRNA, and non-coding regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA), into target cells.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELL-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CORRELATION WITH THEIR IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE PROPERTIES TOWARDS B CELLS
Adamo, A;Brandi, J;Carusone, R;BAZZONI, RICCARDO;Caligola, S;Cecconi, D;Giugno, R;Dal Collo, G;Calogero, R;Krampera, M
2018-01-01
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult, multipotent stem cells of mesodermal origin. In addition to their stem cell properties, MSCs possess broad immunosuppressive functions influencing both adaptive and innate immune effector cells (IECs). This anti-inflammatory potential is triggered by the release of inflammatory cytokines produced by immune cells in the microenvironment. Indeed, high levels of inflammatory cytokines induce MSCs to become immunosuppressive (primed-MSCs). The immunosuppressive potential of primed-MSCs results from a dynamic interaction between MSCs and IECs mediated by the release of bioactive factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secreted by many cell types and influence various biological processes, both directly activating cell surface receptors through bioactive ligands and delivering transcription factors, oncogenes, mRNA, and non-coding regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA), into target cells.
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