Effects of a 12-week neck muscles training on muscle function and perceived level of muscle soreness in amateur rugby players

Background Neck injuries are the most frequent trauma- tism in rugby at all levels of the game. Strengthening and mobilizing the neck musculature has often been indicated as a possible strategy to reduce the perceived level of muscle soreness and number of neck injuries. Still, the efficacy of such intervention is under debate. Purpose This study assessed the efficacy of a 12-week training for neck muscle strength and mobility in reducing the level of perceived soreness in amateur rugby players. Methods The perceived soreness of the neck muscles was recorded before, immediately and 24 h after 12 rugby matches in amateur rugby players (NT, n = 12) and con- trols (Ctrl, n = 11). The neck range of motion (ROM), the maximum voluntary force (MVC), and surface elec- tromyogram (EMG) of the neck muscles were evaluated before and after 12-week neck muscle training (3 sessions per week, 35 min each). Training consisted of isometric and concentric contractions, and passive stretching of the neck muscles. From EMG, the root mean square (RMS) was calculated. Results After 4 weeks, the perceived soreness of neck muscles was lower in NT than in Ctrl (P \ 0.05), and decreased further during the next 8 weeks (P \ 0.05). After training, MVC, EMG RMS and ROM increased in NT but not in Ctrl (P \ 0.05). Conclusion The introduction of a specific training program focusing on neck muscle strength and mobility improved the perceived soreness and muscle function of neck muscles in amateur rugby players. Its inclusion within the normal training routine of amateur rugby players should, therefore, be strongly recommended.