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Revising non-monotonic theories with sufficient and necessary conditions: the case of Defeasible Logic

In the setting of Defeasible Logic, we deal with the problem of revising and contracting a non-monotonic theory while minimizing the number of rules to be removed from the theory itself. The process is based on the notions of a set of rules being necessary and sufficient in order to prove a claim. The substantial difference among classical and non-monotonic reasoning processes makes this issue significant in order to achieve the correct revision processes. We show that the process is however ...

Myosteatosis is closely associated with sarcopenia and significantly worse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis

Background & aims: Sarcopenia and myosteatosis are common in patients with cirrhosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these muscle changes, their interrelations and their prognostic impact over a 12-month period. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicentre study involving 433 patients. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were evaluated using computed tomography scans. The 1-year cumulative incidence of relevant events was assessed by competing risk analysis. We used a Fine-...

Waiting list mortality and 5-year transplant survival benefit of patients with MASLD: An Italian liver transplant registry study

Background & aims: International consensus has recently introduced a new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We sought to analyse epidemiological trends, prognostic features, and transplant survival benefits of patients with MASLD and without MASLD waiting for liver transplantation (LT) in Italy. Methods: Using the Italian Liver Transplant Registry database, we analysed data from adult patients listed for primary LT attributable to end-stage ...

Global Cushing’s disease epidemiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Purpose Cushing's disease (CD), 70% of endogenous hypercortisolism cases, is a rare disease caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas. To date, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses on its global epidemiology have been published. We provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of CD global epidemiology, also evaluating the quality of study reporting for the identified studies. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies on CD epidemiology ...

A New Era of Pharmacovigilance: Future Challenges and Opportunities

Medicines safety monitoring is a continuous and dynamic process throughout all the phases of the life cycle of a drug. During the drug development, safety is investigated in different phases. In preclinical studies, the primary goal of safety evaluation is the identification of a safe dose in humans and of safety parameters for clinical monitoring. In clinical phase, phase I studies are designed to estimate the tolerability of the dose range expected to be needed for later clinical studies i...

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