A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci

Purps, J.; Siegert, S.; Willuweit, S.; Alves, C.; Salazar, R.; Angustia, S. M. T.; Anslinger, K.; Bayer, B.; Ayub, Q.; Wei, W.; Xue, Y.; Tyler Smith, C.; Baeta Bafalluy, M.; Martínez Jarreta, B.; Balazs, E.; Balitzki, B.; Tschumi, S.; Ballard, D.; Syndercombe Court, D.; Barrantes, X.; Bäßler, G.; Wiest, T.; Berger, B.; Parson, W.; Niederstätter, H.; Burri, H.; Borer, U.; Koller, C.; Carvalho, E. F.; Takash Chamoun, W.; Coble, M. D.; Hill, C. R.; Corach, D.; Caputo, M.; D'Amato, M. E.; Davison, S.; Decorte, R.; Larmuseau, M.; Ottoni, C.; Rickards, O.; Di, L.; Jiang, C.; Dobosz, T.; Jonkisz, A.; William, F. E.; Furac, I.; Gehrig, C.; Castella, V.; Grskovic, B.; Haas, C.; Wobst, J.; Hadzic, G.; Drobnic, K.; Honda, K.; Hou, Y.; Zhou, D.; Hu, S.; Chen, S.; Immel, U. D.; Lessig, R.; Jakovski, Z.; Ilievska, T.; Klann, A.; Cano García, C.; de Knijff, P.; Kraaijenbrink, T.; Kondili, A.; Miniati, P.; Vouropoulou, M.; Kovacevic, L.; Marjanovic, D.; Lindner, . I.; Mansour, I.; Al Azem, M.; Marino, M.; Furfuro, S.; Locarno, L.; Martín, P.; Luque Gutierrez, G. M.; Alonso, A.; Souto Miranda, L.; Moreira, H.; Mizuno, N.; Moura Neto, Y. R. S.; Nogueira, T. L. S.; Silva, R.; Nastainczyk Wulf, M.; Edelmann, J.; Kohl, M.; Nie, S.; Wang, X.; Cheng, B.; Núñez, C.; de Pancorbo, M. M.; Olofsson, J. K.; Pamjav, H.; Volgyi, A.; Barany, G.; Pawlowski, R.; Maciejewska, A.; Pelotti, S.; Pepinski, W.; Phillips, C.; Cárdenas, J.; Rey Gonzalez, D.; Salas, A.; Brisighelli, F.; Capelli, C.; Toscanini, U.; Piccinini, A.; Piglionica, M.; Lonero Baldassarra, S.; Ploski, R.; Konarzewska, M.; Jastrzebska, E.; Robino, C.; Sajantila, A.; Palo, J. U.; Guevara, E.; Salvador, J.; Corazon De Ungria, M.; Rodriguez, J. J. R.; Schmidt, U.; Schlauderer, N.; Saukko, P.; Schneider, P. M.; Sirker, M.; Shin, K. J.; Y. N., Oh; Skitsa, I.; Ampati, A.; Smith, T. G.; Solis de Calvit, L.; Stenzl, V.; Capal, T.; Tillmar, A.; Nielsson, H.; Turrina, Stefania; DE LEO, Domenico; Verzeletti, A.; Cortellini, V.; Wetton, J. H.; Gwynne, G. M.; Jobling, M. A.; Whittle, M.; Sumita, D. R.; Wolańska Nowak, P.; Yong, R. Y. Y.; Zhao, L.; Nothnage, M.; Roewer, L.

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.04.008

In a worldwide collaborative effort, 19,630 Y-chromosomes were sampled from 129 differentpopulations in 51 countries. These chromosomes were typed for 23 short-tandem repeat (STR) loci(DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439,DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643)and using the PowerPlex Y23 System (PPY23, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). Locus-specific allelicspectra of these markers were determined and a consistently high level of allelic diversity was observed.A considerable number of null, duplicate and off-ladder alleles were revealed. Standard single-locus andhaplotype-based parameters were calculated and compared between subsets of Y-STR markersestablished for forensic casework. The PPY23 marker set provides substantially stronger discriminatorypower than other available kits but at the same time reveals the same general patterns of populationstructure as other marker sets. A strong correlation was observed between the number of Y-STRsincluded in a marker set and some of the forensic parameters under study. Interestingly a weak butconsistent trend toward smaller genetic distances resulting from larger numbers of markers becameapparent.