Lymphokine release during co-culture of human lympho-mononuclear cells and fresh or cultured human, porcine and bovine pancreatic islets

In this study we evaluated whether isolated human (HI), porcine (PI) and bovine (BI) islets, either fresh (Fr) or cultured for 4 weeks (4 w) affect cytokine release from human lymphomononuclear cells (LMC) differently. We prepared LMC from peripheral blood by density gradient purification and co-cultured 1 x 10(6) LMC for 24 h with 100 hand-picked islets, either within 48 h of isolation or after culture for 4 weeks. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interferon-gamma (IFN), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Compared with controls (Ctrl, LMC without islets), Fr-HI, Fr-PI and Fr-BI caused a similar increase of IL-2R and IFN release, whereas 4 w-HI and 4 w-BI did not lead to any significant production of these two cytokines. IL-10 concentrations increased with Fr-PI and Fr-BI, but not with Fr-HI, and no major effect of the 4-week culture was seen. IL-4 levels were below the detection limit of the method used in these experiments. Thus, fresh allo- and xeno-islets caused a similar increase of the release of cytokines known to be markers of Th1 activation, whereas the release of IL-10, a marker of Th2 activation, increased with xeno-, but not with allo-islets; culturing the islets for 4 weeks decreased Th1, but not Th2 activation.