Distribution of different isoforms of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase γ (Ptprg-RPTP γ) in adult mouse brain: upregulation during neuroinflammation.

The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase γ (Ptprg-RPTPγ) is a receptor protein widely expressed in many tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Several RPTPγ isoforms are expressed in the brain during development and in adulthood, but their distribution and role are unknown. In this study, we investigated the distribution of some RPTPγ isoforms in the adult brain using antibodies against the epitopes localized in the C- and in the N-terminal domains of the full length isoform of RPTPγ. We found a predominant and widespread neuronal positivity throughout the neocortex, hippocampus, striatum and in many nuclei of the brainstem and cerebellum. At least 2 distinct isoforms that can co-exist in various compartments in the same cell are detectable in different neuron types. Immunopositivity for epitopes located in both the N- and C-terminus domains were found in the neuropil of cortical and hippocampal neurons, whereas the N-terminal domain positivity was found in the soma, often without colocalization with its C-terminal counterpart. Among glial cells, some protoplasmic and perivascular astrocytes and the cerebellar Bergmann glia, express RPTPγ. The astrocytic expression of RPTPγ and putative processing isoforms of 120 and 80 kDa increases during neuroinflammation, in particular 24 h after LPS treatment. Activated astrocytes were found to be strongly positive for RPTPγ also in a mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Our results confirm previous findings and enrich the current knowledge of RPTPγ distribution in the CNS, highlighting a role of RPTPγ during neuroinflammation processes.