ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: La corteccia Orbitofrontale (OFC) è la parte più inferiore e ventrale della corteccia prefrontale ed è situata tra le orbite degli occhi. Grazie alle sue connessioni con l’amigdala, l’ippocampo, il talamo, la corteccia prefrontale dorso laterale e il lobo temporale superiore, è coinvolta in numerosi processi cognitivi come l’integrazione sensoriale, meccanismi di ricompensa e punizione, decision-making, regolazione delle emozioni e controllo degli impulsi. Lesioni alla OFC producono deficit cognitivi, affettivi e sociali simili a quelli presenti nella schizofrenia. Anche se con qualche inconsistenza, esistono evidenze di una riduzione di volume della OFC nella schizofrenia, e questa riduzione sembra associata con la psicopatologia e con alterazioni della cognizione. Tuttavia, non è ancora chiaro se queste riduzioni di volume sono presenti prima dell’insorgere della malattia o se insorgono con il progredire della stessa. OBIETTIVI: Gli obiettivi dello studio erano misurare i volumi della OFC e delle sue sottoaree, tracciati sulle immagini di risonanza magnetica, in un gruppo di pazienti affetti da schizofrenia (SCZ), in un gruppo di pazienti all’esordio psicotico (FEP), reclutati all’interno del progetto “Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study” (PICOS), e in un gruppo di controlli sani (HC) e di studiare i cambiamenti nel tempo dei volumi della OFC in questo campione. METODI: Sono state raccolte le variabili sociodemografiche e cliniche di 26 pazienti con schizophrenia, 16 pazienti all’esordio e 21 controlli sani. Le sessioni di risonanza magnetica sono state condotte tramite uno scanner 1,5 T e le immagini sono state analizzate mediante il software BRAINS2. I soggetti hanno effettuato una seconda risonanza dopo un periodo medio di 3 anni. La OFC e le sue sottoaree sono state tracciate e segmentate in sostanza grigia e bianca. RISULTATI: Nel confronto trasversale, il volume della sostanza bianca e di quella grigia della parte laterale sinistra della OFC erano maggiori negli SCZ, rispetto ai FEP e ai HC. Nel confronto longitudinale, il volume della sostanza grigia della OFC dei FEP ha avuto un maggior decremento nel tempo rispetto a quello degli SCZ e dei HC. DISCUSSIONE: La parte laterale sinistra della OFC sembra una regione particolarmente interessata da alterazioni volumetriche nella schizofrenia. La riduzione nel tempo di sostanza grigia della OFC nei FEP sembra confermare l’ipotesi che il volume cerebrale è maggiormente affetto da riduzione nella prima fase della malattia.
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is the most inferior and ventral region of the prefrontal cortex that lies above the orbits. Through its connections with the amygdala, hyppocampus, thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior temporal lobe, it is involved in several cognitive processes, such as sensory integration, reward mechanism, decision-making, mood regulation and impulse control. OFC dysfunction is implicated in cognitive, affective and social impairments similar to those present in schizophrenia. Although with some inconsistencies, there is evidence that OFC volumes are reduced in schizophrenia, and that they may be associated with psychopathology and altered cognition. However, it is still not clear whether OFC deficits are present before the onset of the disease or whether they occur with the progression of the illness. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to measure the volumes of the OFC and its subregions, as traced on MRI scans, in a group of schizophrenia patients (SCZ), in a group of First Episode Psychosis patients (FEP), recruited in the context of the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS), and a in group of healthy controls (HC) and to investigate the changes in OFC volumes over time in this cohort. METHODS: socio-demographical and clinical data were initially acquired from 26 SCZ patients, 16 FE patients and 21 HC subjects. The MRI sessions were conducted using a 1.5 T scanner and the images were analyzed using the BRAINS2 software. Subjects were scanned the second time after a mean follow up period of 3 years. The OFC and its medial and lateral subregions were traced and they were segmented for grey and white matter. RESULTS: In the cross sectional comparison, both the white and grey matter of the left lateral OFC was found to be increased in SCZ patients in respect to FEP patients and HC. In the longitudinal comparison the OFC grey matter volume of FEP patients had a greater decrease across time than those of chronic SCZ patients and HC. DISCUSSION: The left lateral OFC seems to be a brain region particularly affected by volume alteration in schizophrenia. The OFC grey matter reduction in FEP patients across time might confirm the assumption that brain volume is more affected by loss in the very first time of the illness.
A structural magnetic resonance imaging studyof Orbitofrontal Cortex in Psychosis
CERRUTI, Stefania
2012-01-01
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is the most inferior and ventral region of the prefrontal cortex that lies above the orbits. Through its connections with the amygdala, hyppocampus, thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior temporal lobe, it is involved in several cognitive processes, such as sensory integration, reward mechanism, decision-making, mood regulation and impulse control. OFC dysfunction is implicated in cognitive, affective and social impairments similar to those present in schizophrenia. Although with some inconsistencies, there is evidence that OFC volumes are reduced in schizophrenia, and that they may be associated with psychopathology and altered cognition. However, it is still not clear whether OFC deficits are present before the onset of the disease or whether they occur with the progression of the illness. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to measure the volumes of the OFC and its subregions, as traced on MRI scans, in a group of schizophrenia patients (SCZ), in a group of First Episode Psychosis patients (FEP), recruited in the context of the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS), and a in group of healthy controls (HC) and to investigate the changes in OFC volumes over time in this cohort. METHODS: socio-demographical and clinical data were initially acquired from 26 SCZ patients, 16 FE patients and 21 HC subjects. The MRI sessions were conducted using a 1.5 T scanner and the images were analyzed using the BRAINS2 software. Subjects were scanned the second time after a mean follow up period of 3 years. The OFC and its medial and lateral subregions were traced and they were segmented for grey and white matter. RESULTS: In the cross sectional comparison, both the white and grey matter of the left lateral OFC was found to be increased in SCZ patients in respect to FEP patients and HC. In the longitudinal comparison the OFC grey matter volume of FEP patients had a greater decrease across time than those of chronic SCZ patients and HC. DISCUSSION: The left lateral OFC seems to be a brain region particularly affected by volume alteration in schizophrenia. The OFC grey matter reduction in FEP patients across time might confirm the assumption that brain volume is more affected by loss in the very first time of the illness.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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