Surgical treatment of high-grade gliomas in motor areas. The impact of different supportive technologies: a 171-patient series.

In the last few years much has been published to validate new technology in brain mapping for clinical purposes, but there have been few clinical results. In this report we describe our five-year experience in the surgical management of malignant gliomas around motor areas with an evaluation of the impact of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) plus navigator and intraoperative neurophysiology (IN). End-points were extent of removal, morbidity, and survival. Variables describing patient and tumor characteristics and treatment modalities were statistically weighted in relation to treatment outcome. Tumor depth (P = 0.01), midline shift >/=1 cm. (P = 0.05), and insular location (P = 0.001) negatively affected extent of removal, whereas IN (P < 0.001) and fMRI plus navigator (P = 0.02) contributed to increasing the rate of total removal (73\%, 71\% vs. 40\%). Postoperative motor impairment was mild and transient in a minority of cases (20\%). General complications, as defined by the Glioma Outcome Project, occurred in 23\% of cases. IN was the only factor associated with acute postoperative motor deterioration (P < 0.001). IN and age >65 years (P = 0.01) were associated with the occurrence of complications. Overall survival was significantly higher in patients operated with IN or fMRI plus navigator (P < 0.01). Comparing different surgical strategies used in the same period, we observed that supportive technologies in glioma surgery have their primary impact on the quality of resection and survival. IN led to transient motor impairment and some additional complications which did not affect functional outcome.