Metabolomics Profiling and In Vitro Genoprotective Effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. deliciosa (A.Chev.) A.Chev. Leaf Extract

Leaves of Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. deliciosa (A.Chev.) A.Chev. (A. deliciosa) represent agro-industrial byproducts with potential for valorization. The present study evaluated the metabolomics profiling, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and antigenotoxicity of the methanolic extract of A. deliciosa leaves. The metabolomics profiling was determined using an untargeted metabolomic approach employing UPLC-HRMS. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and antigenotoxicity were assessed in Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells using the in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The metabolic profile of A. deliciosa leaf extracts revealed the presence of three major classes of secondary/specialized metabolites: proanthocyanidins, flavonols, and triterpenoid saponins. Medium-polar metabolites were monomeric fla-van-3-ols, such as (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, oligomeric procyanidins and prodelphinidins, and flavonols. Certain glycosylated flavonols and their derivatives, such as myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Low-polarity metabolites were characterized by low-polarity triterpenoids such as maslinic, corosolic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids. At concentrations of 37.5, 75, and 150 & micro;g/mL, the extract did not significantly increase micronuclei frequency compared to untreated control cells, indicating an absence of genotoxic potential. Moreover, co-treatment of CHO-K1 cells with the extract and mitomycin C (MMC) at 0.025 & micro;g/mL resulted in a significant reduction in micronuclei formation induced by MMC at concentrations of 75 and 150 & micro;g/mL, suggesting antigenotoxic activity likely associated with the phytochemical constituents presented in the extract.