Iron Overload and Anemia in Transferrin Immune Complex Disease, an Overlooked Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance

Transferrin-Immune Complex Disease (TICD) is an acquired monoclonal gammopathy characterized by the presence of anti-transferrin (TF) autoantibodies, leading to remarkable hyper-transferrinemia and hypersideremia. The condition is not benign since TICD patients present a high risk of developing hemochromatosis and multiple myeloma. Anemia might contemporaneously occur. So far, few cases of TICD have been reported, but the disease's frequency is likely underestimated. We identified two novel TICD cases and reported mechanistic studies aimed at characterizing the pathophysiology of the disease.