Quantitative tractography: joys and sorrows

Quantitative tractography is the term used to indicate informing the estimation of the major axonal pathways of the brain from diffusion MRI with microstructural information (such as volume, myelin, axonal densities, etc.) to deliver veridical and biologically meaningful connectomes. The literature is replete with studies showing promising results obtained with such methods; however, did you know that these methods also have some subtle pitfalls that aren't immediately apparent but, if neglected, could result in incorrect or biased conclusions? This brief paper provides an overview of such pitfalls and solutions to mitigate them.