Eight common mistakes pediatricians should avoid that hinder antimicrobial immune defenses: strategies for boosting protective immunity.

Antimicrobials and vaccinations are vital tools in the fight against infections and in supporting the immune system. Over recent years, significant improvements in life expectancy have been attributed to better access to antimicrobials. However, the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance has become one of the leading causes of death globally. Vaccinations remain the cornerstone of preventive strategies. In addition to them, other preventive measures, such as handwashing, mask use, physical distancing, and proper nutrition, play crucial roles in reducing infection spread. Nutritional interventions that offer immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects should also be considered in conjunction with these strategies to enhance immune defenses further. This paper aims to highlight common mistakes pediatricians should avoid that may hinder immune defenses and exacerbate the risk of viral and bacterial infections. By identifying and correcting these errors, pediatricians can improve patient outcomes, reduce the burden of disease, and promote more robust immune development in children.