Effect of a 90-Minute Nap at Different Times of the Day on Physical Performance, Psycho-Cognitive Responses, and Perceived Recovery in Trained Youth Male Athletes

Napping is recognized as a strategy to enhance athletic performance. However, the optimal timing and duration for maximizing its benefits remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of a 90 min nap at different times on physical performance, psycho-cognitive responses, and perceived recovery in trained youth male athletes. Fourteen athletes (18 +/- 1 years) completed four conditions in a randomized crossover design: (1) No-nap-13h, (2) No-nap-15h, (3) Nap-13h, and (4) Nap-15h. After each condition, athletes performed a 5 m shuttle run test (5mSRT) and were assessed on best distance (BD), total distance (TD), and fatigue index (FI). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded after each 5mSRT repetition, whereas muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery (PRS) were assessed post-test and 24 h later. The digit cancelation test (DCT), feeling scale (FS), Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), and Hooper Questionnaire evaluated sleep quality and psycho-cognitive state. Results showed that the athletes felt greater sleepiness before Nap-15h and after Nap-13h versus the no-nap conditions. TD was higher in Nap-13h than Nap-15h (p = 0.001) and No-nap-15h (p = 0.0009). BD was higher in Nap-13h versus No-nap-15h and No-nap-13h, while RPE was higher in Nap-13h versus No-nap-13 h, Nap-15h, and No-nap-15h (all, p < 0.05). DCT scores were also higher in Nap-13h. No significant effects were found for FI, FS, or Hooper. In conclusion, a 90 min nap at 13:00 was more effective than a later nap or no nap in improving performance and recovery, suggesting benefits for afternoon training or competitions.