Lung function and risk of asthma in adolescents with idiopathic central precocious puberty,Funzionalit{\`a} respiratoria in adolescenti con pubert{\`a} precoce centrale idiopatica

Background: Studies have reported that women with early menarche (≤10 years) have lower lung function. Aim: To investigate lung function in women with a history of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) treated during childhood with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa). Methods: ICPP women (n = 23) were compared with healthy age-matched controls (n = 23). Subjects were clinically evaluated by means of a questionnaire, baseline and post-β2 agonist spirometry, impulse oscillometry (a measure of airway resistance), and measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Results: Patients had lower lung function values than controls: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (median 97.90 vs. 109.45; p = 0.011), FEV1 after β2 agonist (100.80 vs. 114.10; p = 0.013), peak expiratory flow (92.90 vs. 97.95; p = 0.031), and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (80.80 vs. 106.30; p = 0.008). FeNO was significantly lower in the patients (p < 0.001). Significant reversibility of FEV1 after β2 agonist was observed in 8.7% of the patients. FEV1/forced vital capacity and MMEF after β2 agonist correlated negatively with hysterometry at diagnosis (p = 0.009 and p = 0.03, respectively). There was a negative correlation between age at diagnosis and airway resistance. Conclusions: Women with ICPP seem to have lower lung function despite treatment with GnRHa.