Effects of traffic-related air and noise pollution exposure on allergic diseases in the elderly: an observational study

IntroductionTraffic-related air and noise pollution are important public health issues. The aim of this study was to estimate their effects on allergic/respiratory outcomes in adult and elderly subjects.Materials and methodsSix hundred and forty-five subjects living in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy) were investigated through a questionnaire on allergic/respiratory symptoms and diseases. Traffic-related air pollution and noise exposures were assessed at residential address by questionnaire, modelled annual mean NO2 concentrations (1 km and 200 m resolution), and noise level over a 24-h period (Lden). Exposure effects were assessed through logistic regression models stratified by age group (18-64 years, >= 65 years), and adjusted for sex, educational level, occupational exposure, and smoking habits.Results63.6% of the subjects reported traffic exposure near home. Mean exposure levels were: 28.24 (+/- 3.26 SD) and 27.23 (+/- 3.16 SD) mu g/m3 for NO2 at 200 m and 1 km of resolution, respectively; 57.79 dB(A) (+/- 6.12 SD) for Lden. Exposure to vehicular traffic (by questionnaire) and to high noise levels [Lden >= 60 dB(A)] were significantly associated with higher odds of allergic rhinitis (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.09-3.70, and OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.18-3.36, respectively) and borderline with rhino-conjunctivitis (OR 2.20, 95%CI 0.95-5.10, and OR 1.76, 95%CI 0.91-3.42, respectively) only in the elderly. No significant result emerged for NO2.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted the need to better assess the effect of traffic-related exposure in the elderly, considering the increasing trend in the future global population's ageing.Global population is ageing.Allergic diseases are globally widespread even on adult population.The susceptibility due to ageing may increase the impact of air pollution on the elderly.Traffic-related air and noise pollution affects allergic status of the elderly.