Carloman, king of the Franks (768-771), brother of the celebrated Charlemagne, is traditionally considered a minor figure who has rarely been investigated. He had an independent policy, a chancery that he inherited from his father king Pippin III, and while he lived, he played a central political role in the Frankish kingdom. Recent new evidence suggests that it was Carloman, not Charlemagne, who in Summer 770 married the Lombard princess Gerberga, daughter of king Desiderius and queen Ansa. In that same summer, Charlemagne married the Suebian/ Alemannian princess Hildegard, member of the former ducal Alemannian family. Both kings in Summer 771 had newborn sons: Carloman had Pippin, who was protected by pope Stephen III, Charlemagne had Charles the Younger, who is mentioned for the first time in a royal charter for Saint-Calais in July 771, and who was soon made sub-king of the duchy of Le Mans. The newly discussed evidence states that competition among the two kings was very high especially after they both had new male heirs; the analysis of the first stage of their careers, however, clearly shows that king Pippin III trained his two sons from the early 750s with no apparent preference, and that until 768 they were equally valued and supposed to rule the kingdom of the Franks evenly. This equality depends on the fact that they were born close together: Charlemagne in 748 and Carloman in either 749 or in 747, not in 751 as it is traditionally stated. The last part of the essay finally explores, on the basis of written evidence, the hypothesis that Carloman, not Charlemagne, was Pippin III’s first born, and reassesses some political features that deal with this hypothesis, providing evidence of it.
Il saggio riesamina la vita politica di Carlomanno, re dei Franchi dal 768 al 771, figura spesso trascurata rispetto al fratello Carlo Magno. Attraverso l’analisi di fonti annalistiche, diplomi e testimonianze narrative, indaga soprattutto la data di nascita dei due fratelli. Le notizie disponibili sono frammentarie e talvolta contraddittorie, rendendo incerta la ricostruzione della loro infanzia e delle rispettive carriere. Si sostiene che Carlo e Carlomanno nacquero a breve distanza e furono cresciuti senza apparenti differenze di rango o di funzione. La nascita di Carlomanno nel 751, tradizionalmente accolta, è messa in dubbio alla luce della sua partecipazione alle campagne militari del 761 e del 762. Alcune testimonianze permettono di ipotizzare per lui una nascita nel 747 o, in alternativa, entro il 749. Se fosse nato nel 747, Carlomanno potrebbe essere stato il primogenito di Pipino III, mentre Carlo sarebbe nato nel 748. Il saggio collega questa ipotesi alla gestione paritaria del regno e alla successiva competizione politica, dinastica e matrimoniale tra i fratelli. Si esplora inoltre la possibilità che la tradizione franca abbia progressivamente favorito Carlo, attenuando il ruolo e la memoria di Carlomanno. La primogenitura di Carlomanno resta un’ipotesi da verificare, ma offre una nuova chiave per interpretare le fonti e gli equilibri carolingi.
Quando è nato Carlomanno, re dei Franchi? Quando è nato Carlo il Giovane, figlio di Carlo Magno?
Stoffella
2024-01-01
Abstract
Carloman, king of the Franks (768-771), brother of the celebrated Charlemagne, is traditionally considered a minor figure who has rarely been investigated. He had an independent policy, a chancery that he inherited from his father king Pippin III, and while he lived, he played a central political role in the Frankish kingdom. Recent new evidence suggests that it was Carloman, not Charlemagne, who in Summer 770 married the Lombard princess Gerberga, daughter of king Desiderius and queen Ansa. In that same summer, Charlemagne married the Suebian/ Alemannian princess Hildegard, member of the former ducal Alemannian family. Both kings in Summer 771 had newborn sons: Carloman had Pippin, who was protected by pope Stephen III, Charlemagne had Charles the Younger, who is mentioned for the first time in a royal charter for Saint-Calais in July 771, and who was soon made sub-king of the duchy of Le Mans. The newly discussed evidence states that competition among the two kings was very high especially after they both had new male heirs; the analysis of the first stage of their careers, however, clearly shows that king Pippin III trained his two sons from the early 750s with no apparent preference, and that until 768 they were equally valued and supposed to rule the kingdom of the Franks evenly. This equality depends on the fact that they were born close together: Charlemagne in 748 and Carloman in either 749 or in 747, not in 751 as it is traditionally stated. The last part of the essay finally explores, on the basis of written evidence, the hypothesis that Carloman, not Charlemagne, was Pippin III’s first born, and reassesses some political features that deal with this hypothesis, providing evidence of it.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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