Quality indicators for post-resuscitation care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A Joint statement from the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC) of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), and the European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM)

: Quality of care (QoC) is a fundamental tenet of modern healthcare and has become an important assessment-tool for healthcare authorities, stakeholders and the public. However, QoC is difficult to measure and quantify because it is a multifactorial and multidimensional concept. Comparison of clinical institutions can be challenging when QoC is estimated solely based on clinical outcomes. Thus, measuring quality through quality indicators (QIs) can provide a foundation for quality assessment and has become widely used in this context. QIs for the evaluation of QoC in acute myocardial infarction are now well-established, but no such indicators exist for the process from resuscitation of cardiac arrest and post-resuscitation care in Europe. In this context, the Association of Acute Cardiovascular Care of the European Society Cardiology, the European Resuscitation Council, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Society for Emergency Medicine, have reflected on the measurement of QoC in cardiac arrest. A set of QIs have been proposed, with the scope to unify and evolve QoC for the management of cardiac arrest across Europe. We present here the list of QIs (6 primary QIs and 12 secondary Qis), with descriptions of the methodology used, scientific justification and motives for the choice for each measure with the aim that this set of QIs will enable assessment of the quality of post-out-of-hospital cardiac arrest management across Europe.