Locke’s Essay concerning Human Understanding introduces a coherent theory of knowledge and a clear conception of philosophy, its method and purposes, yet it is far from being intended as a systematic work and, consequently, does not adopt an extreme coherentism. On several occasions and with regard to key aspects, Locke puts the readers in front of deliberately open-ended reflections and uncertainties which, rather than being symptomatic of weakness, reveal that he agreed with Bacon that the search for the truth should be a collective (shared and supportive) and in fieri (unexhausted and perfectible) activity. This is highlighted by his conception of abstraction: in the Essay, two different kinds of abstraction coexist, which are not always compatible, although they are sometimes treated as if they were equivalent. In addition to the classical conception of abstraction involved in the formation of general ideas, Locke puts forward another conception which introduces a non-inductive and, therefore, non-empiricist process focusing on the existence of the content. This second kind of abstraction, which has been, in my opinion, scarcely explored in the history of philosophy, helps reflect on Locke’s concept of existence (or, maybe, on ‘the concepts’ of existence, given some ambiguities in his thought) and its central role in the Essay, adding a further element to what could be called a Lockean experimental ontology.
L’Essay concerning Human Understanding di John Locke, pur presentando una solida teoria della conoscenza e una chiara concezione della filosofia, del suo metodo e dei suoi obiettivi, si configura come un’impresa tutt’altro che animata dall’esigenza di rispondere a un sistema, ossia tale da perseguire un coerentismo estremo al proprio interno. Locke pone infatti il lettore, in più occasioni e relativamente ad aspetti tutt’altro che secondari, di fronte a riflessioni volutamente aperte e incertezze che, più che debolezza, manifestano come il pensatore inglese incarni l’ideale baconiano di una ricerca in fieri e condivisa. Una di queste incertezze riguarda la concezione del processo astrattivo: nell’Essay coesistono due differenti tipologie di astrazione, non sempre conciliabili e spesso trattate come se fossero equivalenti: accanto alla più classica astrazione che dà origine alle idee generali, si assiste alla presentazione di un processo che si sgancia dall’induttivismo cognitivo e, conseguentemente, dalla matrice empirista, concentrandosi sull’esistenza del contenuto da sottoporre ad astrazione. L’esame di questa seconda versione, a mio avviso meno battuta dagli storici della filosofia (forse per colpa dello stesso Locke), consentirà una serie di riflessioni sul concetto di esistenza nell’Essay (anch’esso protagonista di una serie di ambiguità) e sulla sua centralità, aggiungendo un ulteriore tassello a quella che potrebbe essere chiamata un’ontologia sperimentale lockiana.
Tracce di una ‘filosofia dell’essere’ nella concezione lockiana dell’astrazione. Spunti critici
Davide Poggi
2020-01-01
Abstract
Locke’s Essay concerning Human Understanding introduces a coherent theory of knowledge and a clear conception of philosophy, its method and purposes, yet it is far from being intended as a systematic work and, consequently, does not adopt an extreme coherentism. On several occasions and with regard to key aspects, Locke puts the readers in front of deliberately open-ended reflections and uncertainties which, rather than being symptomatic of weakness, reveal that he agreed with Bacon that the search for the truth should be a collective (shared and supportive) and in fieri (unexhausted and perfectible) activity. This is highlighted by his conception of abstraction: in the Essay, two different kinds of abstraction coexist, which are not always compatible, although they are sometimes treated as if they were equivalent. In addition to the classical conception of abstraction involved in the formation of general ideas, Locke puts forward another conception which introduces a non-inductive and, therefore, non-empiricist process focusing on the existence of the content. This second kind of abstraction, which has been, in my opinion, scarcely explored in the history of philosophy, helps reflect on Locke’s concept of existence (or, maybe, on ‘the concepts’ of existence, given some ambiguities in his thought) and its central role in the Essay, adding a further element to what could be called a Lockean experimental ontology.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
POGGI_SL_Locke-astrazione_PUBBLICATO_2020a.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati
Tipologia:
Documento in Post-print
Licenza:
Creative commons
Dimensione
964.44 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
964.44 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.