Robust cross-country analysis of inequality of opportunity

International rankings of countries based on inequality of opportunity indices may not be robust vis-vis the specific metric adopted to measure opportunities. Indices often aggregate relevant information and neglect to control for normatively irrelevant distributional factors. This paper shows that gap curves can be estimated from cross-sectional data and adopted to test hypotheses about robust cross-country comparisons of (in)equality of opportunity. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.