Vitamin D, reproductive disorders and assisted reproduction: evidences and perspectives

Vitamin D is an important nutrient involved in many fundamental health outcomes. However, its influence on female reproductive function remains ambiguous. Cholecalciferol seems to have a role in the reproductive processes and in the patients affected by polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine myomas and premature ovarian failure. Moreover, it may play an import- ant role in the assisted reproductive techniques, given that it is capable of influencing oocyte quality, but also an adequate preparation of the endometrium for embryonic implantation. Although promising, available evidence is based on a limited number of in vitro, in vivo and clin- ical studies. We provide an overview of the association between vitamin D and female infertility reporting the most recent data published in the literature. Nevertheless, properly randomised clinical trials are mandatory to achieve more conclusive results about the promising role of vita- min D in the management of female assisted reproduction.