Il magnesio (Mg) è un nutriente minerale essenziale per le piante e la sua carenza incide sulla produttività e la qualità della coltivazione. Sorprendentemente, solo negli ultimi decenni, i ricercatori hanno focalizzato la loro attenzione sulla risposta fisiologica e biochimica delle piante alla Mg-carenza e studi sui meccanismi molecolari che conferiscono tolleranza a questo disturbo nutrizionale sono ancora molto limitati. In vite la carenza di Mg si verifica spesso in suoli acidi e / o in presenza di elevate quantità di potassio (K) e sembra essere correlata all'insorgenza del disseccamento del rachide (LBSN) con notevoli perdite di prodotto. Sebbene la coltivazione della vite abbia un impatto economico rilavante a livello mondiale, in letteratura non sono disponibili studi sugli aspetti fisiologici e molecolari coinvolti nella risposta alla Mg-carenza in questa specie, ma osservazioni sul campo hanno rivelato che alcuni portinnesti sembrerebbero conferire tolleranza o suscettibilità. Al fine di comprendere meglio i meccanismi molecolari coinvolti nella risposta alla carenza di questo nutriente, in questo lavoro, sono state utilizzate coltivazioni idroponiche di microtalee di due portainnesti di vite a diversa tolleranza: 1103 Paulsen (Vitis Berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) classificato come tollerante ed SO4 definito sensibile (Vitis Berlandieri x Vitis riparia), per studiare le risposte trascrizionali e metaboliche a breve e a lungo termine alla Mg-carenza. Le analisi dei parametri di crescita e di quelli fisiologici, eseguite dopo 4 e 14 giorni di trattamento, confermano una diversa suscettibilità nei due portainnesti, simile a quella osservata in vigneto. Il portainnesto sensibile SO4 dopo 14 giorni di trattamento ha infatti mostrato i tipici sintomi causati dalla carenza di Mg, quali clorosi inteveniale e accumulo di zuccheri solubili nelle foglie. Inoltre, nello stesso portainnesto è stata osservata una significativa alterazione del peso della radice e del rapporto del peso tra germoglio e radice (G / R). L'analisi del trascrittoma delle radici ha permesso l'identificazione di trascritti differenzialmente espressi e potenzialmente responsabili della tolleranza alla Mg-carenza. Infatti, trascritti coinvolti nella risposta allo stress mediata dai recettori delle proteine chinasi e trascritti coinvolti nella biosintesi della lignina sono positivamente regolati in SO4 e negativamente regolati in 1103P, dopo 4 e 14 giorni di Mg-carenza. Al contrario, trascritti relativi alla difesa contro lo stress ossidativo e al rimodellamento della parete cellulare mostrano una regolazione positiva nel portainnesto tollerante 1103P e negativa nel suscettibile SO4 suscettibile. L’analisi dei metaboliti eseguita mediante gascromatografia-spettrometria di massa (GC-MS) nei tessuti radicali di entrambi i portainnesti dopo 14 giorni di trattamento, ha rilevato un aumento del contenuto di metaboliti coinvolti nella risposta allo stress ossidativo in 1103P e una diminuzione degli stessi in SO4. Questi risultati suggeriscono una diversa capacità di contrastare lo stress indotto dalla Mg-carenza nei due portainnesti.
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral macro-nutrient for plants and its deficiency affects productivity and quality in many agricultural crops. Surprisingly, only in the last decades researchers have focused their attention to the plant physiological and biochemical response to this nutritional disorder. In addition, very limited studies are available on the molecular mechanisms involved in tolerance to Mg shortage. In grapevine Mg deficiency often occurs in acidic soil and/or in the presence of high amount of potassium (K). The shortage seems to be related to the increase in late season bunch stem necrosis (LBSN) with substantial crop loss. Although grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crop in the world, no literature is available on the physiological and molecular aspects involved into Mg deficiency stress in this plant species. Interestingly, field observations revealed that some grapevine rootstock genotypes could exhibit tolerance or susceptibility to Mg shortage. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in response to Mg deficiency, the present work investigated the transcriptional and metabolic responses to short- and long term Mg starvation in hydroponically grown microcuttings of two grapevine rootstocks showing different tolerance to Mg shortage. In particular, 1103 Paulsen (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) was classified as tolerant whilst SO4 was defined susceptible (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia). Analysis of growth and physiological parameters, performed after 4 and 14 days of starvation, confirmed the differentially tolerance in the two genotypes, as observed in field. The susceptible SO4 after 14 days of Mg deprivation showed typical symptoms induced by Mg deficiency, such as chlorosis and soluble sugars accumulation in leaves. In addition, a significant alteration in root fresh weight and shoot/root ratio (S/R) was observed in this susceptible rootstock. The comparison of root transcriptional profiles allowed the identification of differentially expressed transcripts putatively involved in the tolerance to Mg deficiency. Transcripts involved into response to stress signaling mediated by receptor-like kinases and lignin biosynthesis were positively regulated in SO4 and negatively regulated in 1103P, both after short- and long-term Mg starvation. In contrast, transcripts related to oxidative stress responses and cell wall remodeling exhibited opposite expression profile being positively and negatively regulated in tolerant 1103P and in susceptible SO4 genotypes, respectively. Analysis of metabolites performed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed an increase and a decrease in content of metabolites involved in oxidative stress response in root tissues of 1103P and SO4, respectively, after 14 days of treatment. These results agree with the transcriptional behavior of two rootstocks.
Comparative physiological and transcriptional analysis of two grapevine rootstocks in response to magnesium deficiency
Livigni, Sonia
2016-01-01
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral macro-nutrient for plants and its deficiency affects productivity and quality in many agricultural crops. Surprisingly, only in the last decades researchers have focused their attention to the plant physiological and biochemical response to this nutritional disorder. In addition, very limited studies are available on the molecular mechanisms involved in tolerance to Mg shortage. In grapevine Mg deficiency often occurs in acidic soil and/or in the presence of high amount of potassium (K). The shortage seems to be related to the increase in late season bunch stem necrosis (LBSN) with substantial crop loss. Although grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crop in the world, no literature is available on the physiological and molecular aspects involved into Mg deficiency stress in this plant species. Interestingly, field observations revealed that some grapevine rootstock genotypes could exhibit tolerance or susceptibility to Mg shortage. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in response to Mg deficiency, the present work investigated the transcriptional and metabolic responses to short- and long term Mg starvation in hydroponically grown microcuttings of two grapevine rootstocks showing different tolerance to Mg shortage. In particular, 1103 Paulsen (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) was classified as tolerant whilst SO4 was defined susceptible (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia). Analysis of growth and physiological parameters, performed after 4 and 14 days of starvation, confirmed the differentially tolerance in the two genotypes, as observed in field. The susceptible SO4 after 14 days of Mg deprivation showed typical symptoms induced by Mg deficiency, such as chlorosis and soluble sugars accumulation in leaves. In addition, a significant alteration in root fresh weight and shoot/root ratio (S/R) was observed in this susceptible rootstock. The comparison of root transcriptional profiles allowed the identification of differentially expressed transcripts putatively involved in the tolerance to Mg deficiency. Transcripts involved into response to stress signaling mediated by receptor-like kinases and lignin biosynthesis were positively regulated in SO4 and negatively regulated in 1103P, both after short- and long-term Mg starvation. In contrast, transcripts related to oxidative stress responses and cell wall remodeling exhibited opposite expression profile being positively and negatively regulated in tolerant 1103P and in susceptible SO4 genotypes, respectively. Analysis of metabolites performed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed an increase and a decrease in content of metabolites involved in oxidative stress response in root tissues of 1103P and SO4, respectively, after 14 days of treatment. These results agree with the transcriptional behavior of two rootstocks.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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