La sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è una patologia neurodegenerativa progressiva caratterizzata da progressiva paralisi muscolare e degenerazione dei motoneuroni nella corteccia motoria primaria, tronco encefalico e midollo spinale. Mutazioni nel gene superossido dismutasi 1 (SOD1) rappresentano uno dei maggiori contributi genetici di SLA. Diverse strategie terapeutiche sono state testate in modelli in-vitro e in-vivo della patologia, ma al momento non esiste trattamento in grado di curare o di migliorare la qualità di vita dei pazienti. Le cellule staminali rappresentano un approccio terapeutico promettente nella cura delle malattie neurodegenerative e il loro effetto benefico sembra esplicarsi, tramite un’azione paracrina, attraverso il rilascio di vescicole extracellulari, in particolare esosomi.In questa tesi di dottorato sono riportati gli studi effettuati per valutare il possibile effetto neuroprotettivo di esosomi, ottenuti da cellule staminali adipose (ASC), in modelli in vitro ed in vivo di SLA e il protocollo per marcare gli esosomi al fine di monitorarne l’accumulo dopo somministrazione in vivo.Riguardo gli esperimenti in vitro, la somministrazione di esosomi in seguito a stress ossidativo (H2O2) ai danni della linea cellulare di motoneuroni NSC-34 naive e trasfettata con il gene umano SOD1 portante diverse mutazioni note per essere correlate alla patologia (G93A, G37R, A4V), protegge le cellule dal danno ossidativo, con un significativo aumento della vitalità cellulare. Riguardo agli esperimenti in vivo, l’iniezione intravena di esosomi nel modello murino SOD(G93A) dall’onset clinico fino alla fase terminale di malattia determinano un ritardo nella progressione dei sintomi e aumentano la durata di vita degli animali trattati. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che gli esosomi isolati dalle cellule staminali adipose hanno un effetto neuroprotettivo nei modelli in vitro ed in vivo di SLA, indicando una possibile strategia terapeutica per questa malattia neurodegenerativa. Inoltre, abbiamo identificato un nuovo protocollo per marcare gli esosomi con nanoparticelle di ferro superparamagnetiche, grazie al quale sarà possibile valutarne il tracking e l’accumulo in vivo con tecniche non invasive, quali la risonanza magnetica nucleare.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscular paralysis and degeneration of motoneurons in the primary motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene are one of the genetic contributor to ALS. Therapeutic strategies for ALS are actually minimally effective on patients’ survival and quality of life. Stem cells represent a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and their beneficial effect seem to be due through a paracrine effect via the release of extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes.In this doctoral thesis, I describe the studies to assess the neuroprotective effect of exosomes derived from syngeneic adipose stem cells (ASC) on in vitro and in vivo models of ALS, and the protocol for exosomes labeling to monitor the accumulation of exosomes after their in vivo administration.In in vitro experiments, the administration of ASC-exosomes after oxidative insult (H2O2) on motoneuron-like cell line (NSC-34) naïve and transfected with different human mutant SOD1 gene (G93A, G37R, A4V), protected cells from oxidative damage, with a significantly increase of cell viability. In in vivo experiments, the intravenous injection of ASC-exosomes in SOD1(G93A) mice at clinical onset until terminal stage point out that exosomes delay symptoms progression and postpone lifespan of treated animals. Our results demonstrate that ASC-exosomes have a neuroprotective effect in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS, indicating a possible new strategy as therapy in this neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, we set up a new protocol to label exosomes with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, that allow to evaluate their tracking and their accumulation in vivo with a non-invasive technique, as magnetic resonance imaging.
Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells: experimental assessment of an innovative therapeutic approach for ALS
Bonafede, Roberta
2016-01-01
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscular paralysis and degeneration of motoneurons in the primary motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene are one of the genetic contributor to ALS. Therapeutic strategies for ALS are actually minimally effective on patients’ survival and quality of life. Stem cells represent a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and their beneficial effect seem to be due through a paracrine effect via the release of extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes.In this doctoral thesis, I describe the studies to assess the neuroprotective effect of exosomes derived from syngeneic adipose stem cells (ASC) on in vitro and in vivo models of ALS, and the protocol for exosomes labeling to monitor the accumulation of exosomes after their in vivo administration.In in vitro experiments, the administration of ASC-exosomes after oxidative insult (H2O2) on motoneuron-like cell line (NSC-34) naïve and transfected with different human mutant SOD1 gene (G93A, G37R, A4V), protected cells from oxidative damage, with a significantly increase of cell viability. In in vivo experiments, the intravenous injection of ASC-exosomes in SOD1(G93A) mice at clinical onset until terminal stage point out that exosomes delay symptoms progression and postpone lifespan of treated animals. Our results demonstrate that ASC-exosomes have a neuroprotective effect in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS, indicating a possible new strategy as therapy in this neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, we set up a new protocol to label exosomes with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, that allow to evaluate their tracking and their accumulation in vivo with a non-invasive technique, as magnetic resonance imaging.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Doctoral Thesis_Bonafede.pdf
non disponibili
Descrizione: PDF
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza:
Creative commons
Dimensione
2.13 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.13 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.