Le micosi invasive rappresentano un problema in costante aumento a causa dell’incremento del numero di pazienti a rischio. La mortalità attribuibile a queste infezioni è elevata e i metodi diagnostici non sono sempre veloci ed affidabili. La diagnostica convenzionale si avvale di metodi colturali per i quali è già stata ampiamente dimostrata la scarsa sensibilità nei pazienti ematologici, i quali vengono sottoposti a profilassi antimicotica che inibisce la crescita dei patogeni in vitro producendo dei risultati falsi negativi. La caratteristica immunodepressione di questi pazienti inficia l’analisi di presenza di anticorpi specifici come diagnosi indiretta di infezione. È inoltre sconsigliabile l’utilizzo di tecniche di prelievo troppo invasive di campioni respiratori, quali il lavaggio broncoalveolare (BAL). Il dosaggio degli antigeni fungini galattomannano (GM) e beta-glucano (BG) nel siero rappresenta una tecnica non invasiva, ma non sempre soddisfacente in termini di tempistica ed affidabilità diagnostica. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di standardizzare un test molecolare, basato sulla reazione a catena della polimerasi in tempo reale (RT-PCR), al fine di associarlo a questi test antigenici per una diagnosi più completa e precoce. A tal fine sono stati confrontati i tre kit in commercio certificati per uso diagnostico su siero. Per ogni kit di amplificazione il produttore suggerisce un sistema d’estrazione del DNA: i diversi sistemi sono stato saggiati per valutarne la rispettiva efficacia. La popolazione studiata è stata suddivisa in pazienti affetti da micosi invasiva provata, probabile, possibile e assente secondo i criteri EORTC/MSG: dal confronto dei risultati nei gruppi sono state calcolate sensibilità e specificità dei test molecolari, definendone cosi l’efficacia diagnostica. È stata inoltre valutata un eventuale correlazione tra RT-PCR e diverse combinazioni antigeniche di BG e GM, nel siero.
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an increasing problem in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) due to the increase in the number of patients at risk. The mortality attributable to these infections is high and conventional diagnostic methods are not always fast and reliable. Conventional diagnostics is based on cultural methods but these suffer of a very low limit of detection being hematological patients prophylaxed by antifungal drugs: the pharmacological treatment inhibits pathogens growth in vitro leading to false negative results. Peculiar immunosuppression of these patients affects indirect assays based on specific antibodies. It is also advisable to use too invasive respiratory samples collection techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The dosage of fungal antigens in serum and other samples is a non-invasive technique, but not always satisfying in terms of timing and diagnostic confidence. The aim of this study is to standardize a new molecular assay, based on Real Time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in order to associate it to these antigenic assays, for a more complete and earlier diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in onco-hematological patients. For this purpose, the only three commercial kits certified for diagnosis have been compared on serum samples. For each amplification kit, its manufacturer suggests a proper DNA extraction method: all methods were evaluated to test their effectiveness. According to the EORTC/MSG criteria, the population was divided into patients with proven, probable, possible or absent invasive fungal infection. Sensitivity and specificity of the antigen tests were calculated by comparing these groups. An eventual correlation was evaluated also among groups presenting different antigenic pattern of BG and GM serum antigens.
Evaluation of RT-PCR compared to Galactomannan and 1,3-β-D-glucan test in serum for early and specific diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in hematologic patients.
Favuzzi, Vincenza
2016-01-01
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an increasing problem in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) due to the increase in the number of patients at risk. The mortality attributable to these infections is high and conventional diagnostic methods are not always fast and reliable. Conventional diagnostics is based on cultural methods but these suffer of a very low limit of detection being hematological patients prophylaxed by antifungal drugs: the pharmacological treatment inhibits pathogens growth in vitro leading to false negative results. Peculiar immunosuppression of these patients affects indirect assays based on specific antibodies. It is also advisable to use too invasive respiratory samples collection techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The dosage of fungal antigens in serum and other samples is a non-invasive technique, but not always satisfying in terms of timing and diagnostic confidence. The aim of this study is to standardize a new molecular assay, based on Real Time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in order to associate it to these antigenic assays, for a more complete and earlier diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in onco-hematological patients. For this purpose, the only three commercial kits certified for diagnosis have been compared on serum samples. For each amplification kit, its manufacturer suggests a proper DNA extraction method: all methods were evaluated to test their effectiveness. According to the EORTC/MSG criteria, the population was divided into patients with proven, probable, possible or absent invasive fungal infection. Sensitivity and specificity of the antigen tests were calculated by comparing these groups. An eventual correlation was evaluated also among groups presenting different antigenic pattern of BG and GM serum antigens.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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