Il presente lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare un tema assai dibattuto, tanto in dottrina, quanto in giurisprudenza, quale è quello dell’acquisto dei diritti di credito dei coniugi in regime di comunione legale dei beni. Più precisamente, si tratta di stabilire se nel concetto di “acquisti” indicato all’art. 177, co.1, lett.a), c.c. possano essere annoverati non soltanto i diritti reali, ma anche i diritti di credito acquistati da uno dei coniugi nella vigenza del regime comunitario.L’indagine prende le mosse da un inquadramento storico del problema, a partire dalle antiche coutumes d’Oltralpe, nonché dai lavori preparatori al Code Napoléon, ove emerge in modo evidente l’intento di considerare all’interno della comunione legale anche i diritti di credito.In seguito vengono analizzati i più rilevanti orientamenti dottrinali e giurisprudenziali che, a tutt’oggi, alimentano il dibattito sul punto.In dottrina si riscontrano principalmente tre diverse correnti di pensiero. Alcuni Autori ritengono che nel concetto di acquisti possano rientrare solo i diritti reali, mettendo in luce le numerose difficoltà che si riscontrerebbero sul piano applicativo, applicando la tesi opposta. Altri commentatori rilevano, invece, che non è possibile escludere una categoria così importante, come quella dei diritti di credito, dal novero degli acquisti della comunione legale; peraltro, le eccezioni sollevate a sostegno della tesi opposta potrebbero essere arginate grazie ad una corretta interpretazione del dato normativo. Infine, in una posizione per così dire intermedia, vi è il pensiero di coloro secondo i quali i diritti di credito sono suscettibili di entrare in comunione ma, tra essi, occorre distinguere i crediti che consistono in veri e propri investimenti dagli altri crediti che sono solo strumentali all’acquisto di altri diritti, dal momento che solo i primi sarebbero idonei a cadere in comunione legale.Sul fronte della giurisprudenza, tradizionalmente orientata verso la tesi più restrittiva, vi sono oggi delle importanti “aperture”, grazie ad alcune significative pronunce che ammettono la comunione dei diritti di credito, seppur entro determinati e ristretti limiti.Il presente lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare i diversi orientamenti, dimostrando che appare corretto ritenere che anche gli acquisti di crediti possano entrare in comunione legale; ciò sul rilievo che anche i diritti di credito che trovano la loro fonte in un contratto possono “estendersi” all’altro coniuge, giacché la comunione legale concerne il (solo) diritto di credito e non l’intera posizione contrattuale (di cui rimane titolare il coniuge contraente).Sul problema in esame è stata compiuta anche un’interessante analisi in chiave comparatistica, soffermandosi, in particolar modo, sulle soluzioni adottate nell’ordinamento francese, ove non sembrano esservi dubbi sul fatto che tra gli acquisti della comunione legale possano rientrare anche i diritti di credito, sebbene i singoli casi di specie impongano, talvolta, delle soluzioni diversificate.Oltre all’analisi della questione a livello generale, sono state approfondite le fattispecie applicative più interessanti per la questione che qui occupa.In particolare, con riguardo al problema del diritto di credito derivante dalla stipulazione di un contratto preliminare di vendita (ove uno dei coniugi sia stato promissario acquirente), si è cercato di dimostrare che tale credito dovrebbe appartenere anche al coniuge non stipulante, sebbene le regole sull’amministrazione della comunione legale impongano un esercizio congiunto di tale diritto da parte dei coniugi. Con riferimento alle partecipazioni sociali, si è rilevato che non può darsi una soluzione univoca; esse apparterranno alla comunione immediata o alla comunione de residuo in ragione delle caratteristiche della società partecipata (soprattutto sul piano della responsabilità) e dell’applicabilità dell’art. 178 c.c.Infine, un’analisi particolare è stata dedicata al problema dei conti correnti bancari, considerando che, con il deposito di denaro non può ritenersi integrato un acquisto, poiché il deposito determina solo uno “spostamento di ricchezza”, non l’acquisizione di un nuovo bene idoneo ad accrescere il patrimonio comune. Tuttavia, la titolarità del conto bancario (intestato ad un solo coniuge oppure cointestato), nonché la natura del denaro depositato, impongono soluzioni diversificate che incidono in modo significativo sui poteri di disposizione e di gestione del conto bancario da parte dei coniugi.
The present study’s objective is the analysis of an issue that has been quite debated recently both by legal scholars as well as by the case law, respectively the acquisition of entitlements in the community of property in Italy. More precisely, we intend to establish whether within the concept of ‘acquisition’ referred to in art. 177, 1) a) of the Italian civil code, we could also include not only the property rights but also the entitlement rights.The research is inspired by a historical framing of the issue, more exactly by the antique Oltrape’s coutumes but also by the travaux preparatoires of the Napoleon Code wherefrom it results that the clear intention was that of including entitlements in the community of property.Starting from that point we continue by analyzing the doctrinal approach as well as the manners in which the debate was articulated in the case law and we observe that up to present times, a trend of continuous questioning has surrounded the debate.The legal literature shows mainly three approaches of the issue. Some authors believe that the upper mentioned concept of acquisitions could only be effective as to property rights having as main argument the many practical difficulties in applying an opposite thesis. Others commentators on the other hand underline that it would not be possible to exclude such an important category as the entitlements from the area of acquisitions in the community of property; furthermore, the exceptions/difficulties that seem to arise whilst applying the opposite thesis might be seen in a different light if the legal provisions would be righteously interpreted. Finally, in a rather intermediate position lies the reasoning of those according to which entitlements are able to be part of the community of property, but amongst those, one should distinguish between debts which would be only instrumental for the acquisitions of other rights and only include the first category in the community of property.The case law had traditionally been oriented towards the restrictive approach but now, due to some important decisions that admitted including entitlements both in the restrictive as well as in the extensive approach in the community of property, the tendency is starting to shift away from the exclusion view. Our study has exactly the purpose of analysing such different approaches and our purpose is to show that the correct approach is that the community of property can be applicable to entitlements; we shall also try to prove that entitlements coming from contracts to which one of the spouses is a party could be extended to the other spouse, since the community of property shall only be applicable to such an individual right and not to the entire contractual position of the spouse signing the contract.We also analysed the issue from a comparative law perspective whilst reflecting more intensely upon the French solutions. Pursuant to the French system, there seems to be no debate around the fact that the community of property could include entitlements, even though; solutions might be adapted from one case to another. In addition to an analysis of the general framework, we also studied the most interesting applications of the issue.Particularly, as for the case of entitlements deriving from a contract where one of the spouse makes a promissory acquisition, it has been demonstrated that such an instrument should also belong to the other spouse, despite the fact that the rules applicable to the administration of the common properties belonging to the two spouses impose a common exercise of some rights.Participation in companies one the other hand could not have been included into a coherent line of thought. They shall either belong to the ‘immediate community of property’ or to the ‘residual community of property’ depending on the type of company the spouse participates in (and mostly depending on the type of liability and on the fact whether art. 178 of the civil code would or would not be applicable).Finally, a particular analysis has been dedicated to the bank accounts, especially deposits, considering that such a deposit would only determine a ‘transfer of richness’ and not the inclusion in the patrimony of a good susceptible of increasing the common patrimony. However, the nature of the money in the deposit and moreover, the header of the bank account determine the adoption of possible different solutions.
L'acquisto dei diritti di credito nel regime della comunione legale.
SCOLA, SARA
2014-01-01
Abstract
The present study’s objective is the analysis of an issue that has been quite debated recently both by legal scholars as well as by the case law, respectively the acquisition of entitlements in the community of property in Italy. More precisely, we intend to establish whether within the concept of ‘acquisition’ referred to in art. 177, 1) a) of the Italian civil code, we could also include not only the property rights but also the entitlement rights.The research is inspired by a historical framing of the issue, more exactly by the antique Oltrape’s coutumes but also by the travaux preparatoires of the Napoleon Code wherefrom it results that the clear intention was that of including entitlements in the community of property.Starting from that point we continue by analyzing the doctrinal approach as well as the manners in which the debate was articulated in the case law and we observe that up to present times, a trend of continuous questioning has surrounded the debate.The legal literature shows mainly three approaches of the issue. Some authors believe that the upper mentioned concept of acquisitions could only be effective as to property rights having as main argument the many practical difficulties in applying an opposite thesis. Others commentators on the other hand underline that it would not be possible to exclude such an important category as the entitlements from the area of acquisitions in the community of property; furthermore, the exceptions/difficulties that seem to arise whilst applying the opposite thesis might be seen in a different light if the legal provisions would be righteously interpreted. Finally, in a rather intermediate position lies the reasoning of those according to which entitlements are able to be part of the community of property, but amongst those, one should distinguish between debts which would be only instrumental for the acquisitions of other rights and only include the first category in the community of property.The case law had traditionally been oriented towards the restrictive approach but now, due to some important decisions that admitted including entitlements both in the restrictive as well as in the extensive approach in the community of property, the tendency is starting to shift away from the exclusion view. Our study has exactly the purpose of analysing such different approaches and our purpose is to show that the correct approach is that the community of property can be applicable to entitlements; we shall also try to prove that entitlements coming from contracts to which one of the spouses is a party could be extended to the other spouse, since the community of property shall only be applicable to such an individual right and not to the entire contractual position of the spouse signing the contract.We also analysed the issue from a comparative law perspective whilst reflecting more intensely upon the French solutions. Pursuant to the French system, there seems to be no debate around the fact that the community of property could include entitlements, even though; solutions might be adapted from one case to another. In addition to an analysis of the general framework, we also studied the most interesting applications of the issue.Particularly, as for the case of entitlements deriving from a contract where one of the spouse makes a promissory acquisition, it has been demonstrated that such an instrument should also belong to the other spouse, despite the fact that the rules applicable to the administration of the common properties belonging to the two spouses impose a common exercise of some rights.Participation in companies one the other hand could not have been included into a coherent line of thought. They shall either belong to the ‘immediate community of property’ or to the ‘residual community of property’ depending on the type of company the spouse participates in (and mostly depending on the type of liability and on the fact whether art. 178 of the civil code would or would not be applicable).Finally, a particular analysis has been dedicated to the bank accounts, especially deposits, considering that such a deposit would only determine a ‘transfer of richness’ and not the inclusion in the patrimony of a good susceptible of increasing the common patrimony. However, the nature of the money in the deposit and moreover, the header of the bank account determine the adoption of possible different solutions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
TESI DI DOTTORATO - Sara Scola.pdf
non disponibili
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza:
Accesso ristretto
Dimensione
1.62 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.62 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.