Background e Scopo dello Studio. Recenti studi epidemiologici hanno documentato una forte associazione fra epatopatia steatosica non alcolica (NAFLD) ed aumentato rischio di sviluppare malattia renale cronica (CKD) nella popolazione non diabetica ed in quella affetta da diabete tipo 2. Attualmente non è noto se tale associazione esista anche nei pazienti affetti da diabete tipo 1. Lo scopo pertanto di questo studio è stato quello di valutare se la NAFLD si associ ad aumentata incidenza di CKD in un ampio gruppo di diabetici tipo 1 ambulatoriali. Materiali e Metodi. Sono stati arruolati 261 diabetici tipo 1 adulti, senza eccessivo consumo alcolico giornaliero e privi di epatopatia cronica da causa nota, caratterizzati da una normale funzione renale (filtrato glomerulare stimato [eGFRMDRD] ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2) ed esenti da macroalbuminuria al baseline. Tali pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad un follow-up della durata media di 5.2 anni con lo scopo di valutare la comparsa di CKD (definita come comparsa di eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 e/o macroalbuminuria). La diagnosi di NAFLD è stata formulata mediante ecografia epatica in tutti i partecipanti. Risultati. Al baseline, i pazienti avevano un eGFRMDRD medio di 92 ± 23ml/min/1.73 m2; 234 (89.7%) pazienti avevano normoalbuminuria mentre i rimanenti 27 (10.3%) pazienti avevano microalbuminuria. La NAFLD era presente in 131 (50.2%) pazienti. Durante il follow-up dello studio, 61 pazienti hanno sviluppato CKD. La NAFLD era associata ad un aumentato rischio di sviluppare CKD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.85; 95% CI 1.59-5.10; p<0.001). La significatività di tale associazione non veniva modificata dopo aggiustamento statistico per età, sesso, durata del diabete, ipertensione arteriosa (PA ≥140/90 mmHg o trattamento), HbA1c ed eGFRMDRD al baseline (adjusted HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.10-3.77, p<0.01). Tali risultati sono rimasti invariati anche dopo esclusione 6 dei pazienti (n=27) che avevano microalbuminuria al baseline (adjusted HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.03-3.27; p<0.05). Conclusioni. Questo è il primo studio epidemiologico ad avere dimostrato una forte ed indipendente associazione tra NAFLD ed aumentata incidenza di CKD in pazienti adulti affetti da diabete tipo 1. Ulteriori studi sono necessari con confermare tali risultati e per chiarire i possibili meccanismi eziopatogenetici di tale associazione.
Background/Objective. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a strong, independent association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) both in patients without diabetes and in those with type 2 diabetes. Presently, there is no information about the role of NAFLD in predicting the development of CKD in people with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods. We studied 261 type 1 diabetic adults without a history of prior hepatic diseases or excessive alcohol consumption and with preserved kidney function (i.e. estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFRMDRD] ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and with no macroalbuminuria at baseline. These patients were followed for a mean period of 5.2 years for the occurrence of incident CKD (defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or macroalbuminuria). NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography in all partecipants. Results. At baseline, patients had a mean eGFRMDRD of 92±23 ml/min/1.73 m2; 234 (89.7%) of them had normoalbuminuria and 27 (10.3%) microalbuminuria. NAFLD was present in 131 (50.2%) patients. During the follow-up, 61 subjects developed incident CKD. NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.85; 95% CI 1.59-5.10, p<0.001). Adjustments for age, sex, duration of diabetes, hypertension (i.e. blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or drug treatment), HbA1c and baseline eGFRMDRD did not appreciably attenuate this association (adjusted-HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.10-3.77, p<0.01). Results remained unchanged after excluding those (n=27) who had microalbuminuria at baseline (adjusted-HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.03-3.27, p<0.05). Conclusions. This is the first study to demonstrate that NAFLD as detected by ultrasonography is strongly associated with an increased incidence of CKD, independently of traditional cardio-renal risk factors, in adults with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the putative biological mechanisms underlying this association.
Associazione tra epatopatia steatosica non alcolica (NAFLD) e malattia renale cronica in pazienti affetti da diabete mellito tipo 1.
PICHIRI, Isabella
2014-01-01
Abstract
Background/Objective. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a strong, independent association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) both in patients without diabetes and in those with type 2 diabetes. Presently, there is no information about the role of NAFLD in predicting the development of CKD in people with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods. We studied 261 type 1 diabetic adults without a history of prior hepatic diseases or excessive alcohol consumption and with preserved kidney function (i.e. estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFRMDRD] ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and with no macroalbuminuria at baseline. These patients were followed for a mean period of 5.2 years for the occurrence of incident CKD (defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or macroalbuminuria). NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography in all partecipants. Results. At baseline, patients had a mean eGFRMDRD of 92±23 ml/min/1.73 m2; 234 (89.7%) of them had normoalbuminuria and 27 (10.3%) microalbuminuria. NAFLD was present in 131 (50.2%) patients. During the follow-up, 61 subjects developed incident CKD. NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.85; 95% CI 1.59-5.10, p<0.001). Adjustments for age, sex, duration of diabetes, hypertension (i.e. blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or drug treatment), HbA1c and baseline eGFRMDRD did not appreciably attenuate this association (adjusted-HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.10-3.77, p<0.01). Results remained unchanged after excluding those (n=27) who had microalbuminuria at baseline (adjusted-HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.03-3.27, p<0.05). Conclusions. This is the first study to demonstrate that NAFLD as detected by ultrasonography is strongly associated with an increased incidence of CKD, independently of traditional cardio-renal risk factors, in adults with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the putative biological mechanisms underlying this association.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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