Presupposti: Il carcinoma pancreatico e il carcinoma colorettale sono due sottocategorie di tumori del sistema digerente. Il tumore al pancreas è una delle forme più letali di tumore che colpiscono l’uomo, con un tasso complessivo di sopravvivenza del 3-5% e una sopravvivenza media di meno di sei mesi. Il tumore del colon-retto è la terza più comune forma di tumore diagnosticata, ed è la seconda causa di mortalità dovuta al tumore, negli stessi Stati Uniti. C’è quindi bisogno di un sistema che possa valutare in modo adeguato l’efficacia clinica di nuovi composti sviluppati in oncologia per queste due tipologie di tumore. Scopo: Lo scopo del seguente studio è verificare l’evoluzione temporale in termine di crescita del tumore primario delle due patologie e valutare secondariamente se le tecniche di Imaging di Risonanza Magnetica e di bioluminescenza possono essere strumenti utili per studiare la differenziazione dei linfonodi da normali a metastatici. Metodi: Per questo scopo, cellule umane di tumore pancreatico(Pan-1), trasfettate con la Luciferasi (PANC-1- Luc+), sono state inoculate nel pancreas di topi di sesso femminile atimici nude CD1. Immagini di Bioluminescenza e di Risonanza Magnetica sono state acquisite per ogni topo a diversi intervalli temporali dall’inoculo delle cellule tumorali (1, 2 e 3 mesi). In particolare sono stati studiati due gruppi sperimentali nei quali un diverso numero di cellule tumorali è stato inoculato: il primo gruppo (n=13 topi) con 5*106 cellule e il secondo gruppo (n=10 topi) con 2*106 cellule. Le immagini di Risonanza Magnetica includono acquisizione T2-pesate (T2w) e di risonanza magnetica a contrasto dinamico (DCE-MRI). 8 Nello studio del modello tumorale del colon-retto, Cellule umane di tumore Colorettale (ht-29), trasfettate con la Luciferasi (HT-29_Luc), sono state iniettate nello strato sub-mucosale del retto, attraverso micro-iniezione trans-anale (TARCI). Immagini di Bioluminescenza e di Risonanza Magnetica sono state acquisite per ogni topo a tre diversi intervalli temporali (1, 2 e 3 settimane dall’inoculo delle cellule tumorali), per valutare la crescita tumorale, il coinvolgimento dei linfonodi e la formazione di metastasi. I topi sono stati sacrificati e i linfonodi iliaci, estratti da ogni animale per un totale di dieci linfonodi. Risultati: Nello studio del tumore al pancreas, tutti gli animali sottoposti a Risonanza Magnetica e alla bioluminescenza ai diversi intervalli temporali sono sopravvissuti. La bioluminescenza è stata una tecnica più sensibile rispetto alla Risonanza Magnetica nell’individuare il tumore ai primi stadi di sviluppo. Inoltre in un caso di diffusione addominale delle cellule tumorali pancreatiche, piccole masse tumora li sono state identificate solo con la bioluminescenza e non con la Risonanza Magnetica, anche se in quattro topi l’Imaging ha prodotto falsi negativi. Gli esperimenti di risonanza magnetica a contrasto dinamico (DCE-MRI), forniscono informazioni sulla perfusione tumorale e sono stati eseguiti con successo in questo distretto anatomico. Gli studi sul tumore colorettale rivelano che le tecniche di bioluminoscenza e quelle di Risonanza Magnetica possono individuare la presenza di lesioni primarie e permettono di seguirne la progressione. È stata rilevata una correlazione positiva fra il volume tumorale ottenuto con la bioluminescenza e quello ottenuto dalla Risonanza Magnetica. I linfonodi sono visibili solo con la Risonanza 9 Magnetica, però non è stato possibile differenziare i linfonodi normali da quelli metastatici. Dato che l’Imaging non ha permesso l’individuazione dei linfonodi in vivo. Perciò abbiamo intrapreso estrazione dei linfonodi da cinque animali dopo il sacrificio per dislocazione cervicale e condotte analisi istologiche. Conclusioni: Il seguente studio condotto su modelli sperimentali di tumore al pancreas e tumore colorettale dimostra che la bioluminescenza e la Risonanza Magnetica possono considerarsi due tecniche complementari e che l’utilizzo sinergico delle due, può superare le limitazioni delle singole tecniche.
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers with an overall survival rate of 3-5 % and a median survival of less than 6 months. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed; and it’s the second leading cause of cancer related death in the United States. To date an effective system is strongly needed which accurately predict the clinical efficacy of new compounds developed in oncology for pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Aims: The aim of the current study is to contribute: To the time dependent evolution of both pancreatic and colorectal. In the second case we also evaluated the performance of BLI and MRI for the differentiation of normal to metastatic lymph nodes. Methods: Human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1-Luc+) were injected into the pancreas of female athymic CD1 mice. Bioluminescence (BLI) and Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) were acquired in each mouse at three time points after cell inoculation (1, 2 and 3 months). Two groups of mice were studied: the first group of n=13 mice in which 5*106 cells were injected and the second group of n=10 mice in which 2*106 cells were injected. MRI examinations included T2w acquisitions and (at the last time point) Dynamic-contrast-enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI). Human colorectal cancer cells (ht-29) ht-29_luc cancer cells were injected into the submucosal layer of the rectum by transanal microinjection. BLI and MRI were acquired in each mouse at three time points (1,2,3 weeks) for the in vivo evaluation of tumor growth, lymph nodes involvement and metastasis formation. At last time point after MRI and BLI imaging acquisition, for the purpose of ex vivo study of lymph nodes metastasis. Mice were sacrificed and the abdominal cavity exposed, two iliac LN were then excised for each animal in experiment for a total of ten lymph nodes. RESULTS: - In the pancreatic cancer study, mice underwent three MRI and BLI examinations without mortality. BLI was more sensitive than MRI producing higher detection rate at early time points. Moreover in one case of abdominal dissemination of pancreatic tumor cells, small tumor masses were detected by BLI and not detected by MRI. In 4 mice BLI produced false negative results. DCE-MRI experiments providing information on tumor perfusion were conducted successfully in this anatomical district. Results for colorectal study demonstrated that: BLI and MRI were able to detect the presence and localization of the primary lesions and to access its progression. A positive linear correlation was obtained between MRI and BLI tumor volume. Lymph nodes were visible only in MRI, but no differentiation between positive and negative lymph nodes was detected in images. Since the BLI modality was not able to detect the lymph nodes in vivo, we undertook the ex-vivo iliac lymph nodes excision of five animals. Ex vivo BLI images indicate that 70% of iliac nodes developed metastasis. Conclusions: The present study performed on the experimental model of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, shows that MRI and BLI are complementary techniques and that synergistic application of both can overcome the intrinsic limitations of each.
NON INVASIVE LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT OF TUMOR GROWTH BY MRI AND BIOLUMINESCENCE IMAGING IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF PANCREATIC AND RECTAL CANCER
NGALANI NGALEU, Raphael
2014-01-01
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers with an overall survival rate of 3-5 % and a median survival of less than 6 months. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed; and it’s the second leading cause of cancer related death in the United States. To date an effective system is strongly needed which accurately predict the clinical efficacy of new compounds developed in oncology for pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Aims: The aim of the current study is to contribute: To the time dependent evolution of both pancreatic and colorectal. In the second case we also evaluated the performance of BLI and MRI for the differentiation of normal to metastatic lymph nodes. Methods: Human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1-Luc+) were injected into the pancreas of female athymic CD1 mice. Bioluminescence (BLI) and Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) were acquired in each mouse at three time points after cell inoculation (1, 2 and 3 months). Two groups of mice were studied: the first group of n=13 mice in which 5*106 cells were injected and the second group of n=10 mice in which 2*106 cells were injected. MRI examinations included T2w acquisitions and (at the last time point) Dynamic-contrast-enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI). Human colorectal cancer cells (ht-29) ht-29_luc cancer cells were injected into the submucosal layer of the rectum by transanal microinjection. BLI and MRI were acquired in each mouse at three time points (1,2,3 weeks) for the in vivo evaluation of tumor growth, lymph nodes involvement and metastasis formation. At last time point after MRI and BLI imaging acquisition, for the purpose of ex vivo study of lymph nodes metastasis. Mice were sacrificed and the abdominal cavity exposed, two iliac LN were then excised for each animal in experiment for a total of ten lymph nodes. RESULTS: - In the pancreatic cancer study, mice underwent three MRI and BLI examinations without mortality. BLI was more sensitive than MRI producing higher detection rate at early time points. Moreover in one case of abdominal dissemination of pancreatic tumor cells, small tumor masses were detected by BLI and not detected by MRI. In 4 mice BLI produced false negative results. DCE-MRI experiments providing information on tumor perfusion were conducted successfully in this anatomical district. Results for colorectal study demonstrated that: BLI and MRI were able to detect the presence and localization of the primary lesions and to access its progression. A positive linear correlation was obtained between MRI and BLI tumor volume. Lymph nodes were visible only in MRI, but no differentiation between positive and negative lymph nodes was detected in images. Since the BLI modality was not able to detect the lymph nodes in vivo, we undertook the ex-vivo iliac lymph nodes excision of five animals. Ex vivo BLI images indicate that 70% of iliac nodes developed metastasis. Conclusions: The present study performed on the experimental model of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, shows that MRI and BLI are complementary techniques and that synergistic application of both can overcome the intrinsic limitations of each.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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