Introduzione: La vitamina D e i suoi effetti sulla salute umana sono temi che stanno suscitando un grande interesse, e negli ultimi anni si sta assistendo ad un rapido aumento del numero di pubblicazioni in materia di vitamina D e sue relazioni con asma, allergie ed infezioni respiratorie. Inoltre, la consapevolezza che essenzialmente ogni tessuto e cellula del corpo possiede i recettori per la vitamina D, ha aperto le porte a numerosi studi inerenti al sistema della vitamina D e alle sue azioni precedentemente non riconosciute. Dati recenti indicano che l'ipovitaminosi D è associata a molte condizioni morbose extrascheletriche come l'asma. Obiettivi dello studio: Abbiamo studiato le relazioni esistenti fra livelli di vitamina D nel siero, funzionalità polmonare, controllo dell’asma nei bambini ed abitudine tabagica dei loro genitori. Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo stimato la correlazione tra la concentrazione di 25-idrossicolecalciferolo [25(OH)D], i parametri di funzionalità respiratoria ottenuti con l'esecuzione della spirometria basale e i livelli di controllo dell’asma, secondo le linee guida Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) e il Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), in 152 bambini con asma (età compresa tra 5-15 anni; 84 maschi) in uno studio cross-sectional condotto durante l’inverno e la primavera. Abbiamo inoltre studiato l’esistenza di una possibile associazione tra l'abitudine al fumo dei genitori e i livelli di vitamina D di questi bambini asmatici. Risultati Solo il 9.9 % dei nostri bambini avevano livelli sierici sufficienti di 25(OH)D (tra 30 e 40 ng/ml). Abbiamo individuato una moderata correlazione positiva tra la capacità vitale forzata in percentuale del predetto e i livelli della vitamina (ρ di Spearman=0.36, 95%CI=0.22-0.50, P<0.001). Questo dato è stato ritrovato anche per il volume espiratorio forzato al 1 secondo (ρ=0.36, 95%CI=0.23-0.50, P<0.001). I soggetti con asma ben controllato mostravano livelli sierici di vitamina D più elevati rispetto ai bambini con asma parzialmente o non controllato, con valori mediani pari a 22.4 ng/ml (IQR = 18.2 - 26.0 ng/ml), 17.8 ng/ml (IQR = 12.6 - 22.0 ng/ml) e 13.5 ng/ml (IQR = 10.1 - 18.1 ng/ml), rispettivamente (P<0.001). Abbiamo inoltre individuato una correlazione moderatamente positiva tra i livelli di 25(OH)D e il C-ACT score (r=0.49, 95%CI=0.36-0.62, P<0.001). Analizzando l'abitudine tabagica dei genitori in rapporto ai livelli sierici di vitamina D è emersa una associazione statisticamente significativa tra i due parametri. In particolare, i livelli sierici appaiono significativamente ridotti se entrambi i genitori riferiscono di fumare regolarmente (P<0.001). Conclusioni I nostri risultati indicano che l’ipovitaminosi D è frequente nei bambini con asma che vivono in un paese del Mediterraneo. In questi bambini, bassi livelli di vitamina D sono associati a parametri di funzionalità respiratoria più bassi e quindi ad un ridotto controllo dell’asma. Lo studio suggerisce inoltre che il fumo passivo potrebbe rappresentare un fattore causale per l'ipovitaminosi D nei bambini asmatici. Occorrono però ulteriori studi per verificare questa relazione, in particolare analizzando marcatori biologici di esposizione al fumo di sigaretta.
Introduction: Vitamin D and its effects on human health are topics that are attracting great interest, and in recent years there is a rapid increase in the number of publications about vitamin D and its relationship to asthma, allergies and respiratory infections. This discovery, together with the realization that essentially every tissue and cell in the body has vitamin D receptors, has prompted new interests in the vitamin D system and its previously unrecognized actions. Recent data suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with many nonskeletal conditions such as asthma. Objectives: We investigated the relationship between vitamin D serum levels, lung function and asthma control in children and smoking habits of their parents. Materials and Methods: We estimated the correlation between the concentration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D], lung function parameters obtained from baseline spirometry and levels of asthma control, according to the guidelines Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C- ACT), in 152 children with asthma (aged 5-15 years, 84 males) in a cross-sectional study conducted during the winter and spring. We have also studied the existence of a possible association between the smoking habits of parents and the vitamin D levels of these children with asthma. Results: Only 9.9 % of our children had sufficient vitamin D serum levels (between 30 and 40 ng / ml). We found a moderate positive correlation between the forced vital capacity percent predicted and the vitamin levels ( Spearman ρ = 0.36 , 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.50, P <0.001). This finding was also found for the forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( ρ = 0.36 , 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.50, P <0.001). Patients with well-controlled asthma showed serum levels of vitamin D higher than children with not or partly controlled asthma, with median values equal to 22.4 ng/ml (IQR = 18.2 - 26.0 ng / ml), 17.8 ng/ml (IQR = 12.6 - 22.0 ng/ml) and 13.5 ng/ml (IQR = 10.1 - 18.1 ng / ml), respectively (P <0.001) . We have also identified a moderately positive correlation between 25(OH)D levels of and the C -ACT score (r = 0:49, 95% CI = 0.36-0.62 , P <0.001). By analyzing the smoking habits of parents in relation to vitamin D serum levels, a statistically significant association between the two parameters was present. In particular, serum levels appear to be significantly reduced if both parents report smoking regularly (P <0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that hypovitaminosis D is frequent in children with asthma living in a Mediterranean country. In these children, lower vitamin D serum levels are associated with reduced asthma control and lung function. The study also suggests that passive smoking could be a causal factor for hypovitaminosis D in children with asthma. However, further studies to verify this relationship, in particular by analyzing biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke are necessary.
LA VITAMINA D IN PATOLOGIE RESPIRATORIE DI INTERESSE PEDIATRICO
CHINELLATO, Iolanda
2014-01-01
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D and its effects on human health are topics that are attracting great interest, and in recent years there is a rapid increase in the number of publications about vitamin D and its relationship to asthma, allergies and respiratory infections. This discovery, together with the realization that essentially every tissue and cell in the body has vitamin D receptors, has prompted new interests in the vitamin D system and its previously unrecognized actions. Recent data suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with many nonskeletal conditions such as asthma. Objectives: We investigated the relationship between vitamin D serum levels, lung function and asthma control in children and smoking habits of their parents. Materials and Methods: We estimated the correlation between the concentration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D], lung function parameters obtained from baseline spirometry and levels of asthma control, according to the guidelines Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C- ACT), in 152 children with asthma (aged 5-15 years, 84 males) in a cross-sectional study conducted during the winter and spring. We have also studied the existence of a possible association between the smoking habits of parents and the vitamin D levels of these children with asthma. Results: Only 9.9 % of our children had sufficient vitamin D serum levels (between 30 and 40 ng / ml). We found a moderate positive correlation between the forced vital capacity percent predicted and the vitamin levels ( Spearman ρ = 0.36 , 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.50, P <0.001). This finding was also found for the forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( ρ = 0.36 , 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.50, P <0.001). Patients with well-controlled asthma showed serum levels of vitamin D higher than children with not or partly controlled asthma, with median values equal to 22.4 ng/ml (IQR = 18.2 - 26.0 ng / ml), 17.8 ng/ml (IQR = 12.6 - 22.0 ng/ml) and 13.5 ng/ml (IQR = 10.1 - 18.1 ng / ml), respectively (P <0.001) . We have also identified a moderately positive correlation between 25(OH)D levels of and the C -ACT score (r = 0:49, 95% CI = 0.36-0.62 , P <0.001). By analyzing the smoking habits of parents in relation to vitamin D serum levels, a statistically significant association between the two parameters was present. In particular, serum levels appear to be significantly reduced if both parents report smoking regularly (P <0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that hypovitaminosis D is frequent in children with asthma living in a Mediterranean country. In these children, lower vitamin D serum levels are associated with reduced asthma control and lung function. The study also suggests that passive smoking could be a causal factor for hypovitaminosis D in children with asthma. However, further studies to verify this relationship, in particular by analyzing biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke are necessary.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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