Questa tesi di Dottorato illustra tre studi empirici che sono stati realizzati per approfondire lo studio di aspetti universali e delle specificità culturali nelle prime forme di comunicazione madre-lattante durante i primi tre mesi di vita, cioè prima, durante e dopo la transizione del secondo mese segnata dalla comparsa del sorriso sociale. Gli studi sono basati sul modello teorico ecoculturale dello sviluppo, secondo cui in contesti specifici il modello culturale dominante influenza le strategie di parenting (obiettivi di socializzazione, etnoteorie e comportamenti) e lo sviluppo del bambino, ed hanno utilizzato un approccio multi-metodo con una combinazione di metodologie quantitative e qualitative. Il livello rappresentazionale delle strategie di parenting, cioè gli obiettivi di socializzazione e le etnoteorie, sono stati esplorati in madri Italiane di classe media e in madri immigrate dell’Africa Occidentale quando i lattanti avevano 3 mesi. Le madri Italiane hanno enfatizzato obiettivi di socializzazione relativi all’autonomia psicologica, mentre le madri immigrate hanno enfatizzato obiettivi relativi all’interrelazione gerarchica. Riguardo alle etnoteorie di stimolazione fisica, entrambi i gruppi di madri hanno fatto riferimento al focus sulle emozioni positive, sebbene le madri immigrate abbiano sottolineato anche l’importanza della stimolazione fisica di tipo motorio. I comportamenti di madre e lattante sono stati esaminati durante l’interazione spontanea nel corso del primo trimestre di vita in tre gruppi di diadi: diadi Camerunesi autoctone, diadi Italiane di classe media e madri immigrate dall’Africa Occidentale e i loro lattanti che vivono in Italia. I due gruppi di madri autoctoni hanno mostrato lo stile di parenting (prossimale vs. distale) che è adattivo nei due rispettivi contesti ecoculturali prototipici (comunità rurali vs. famiglie di classe media), mentre le madri immigrate dall’Africa Occidentale hanno mostrato elementi di cambiamento interessanti, indicativi del processo di acculturazione. I pattern di comportamento madre-lattante erano organizzati in sistemi di parenting differenti secondo il gruppo culturale: comunicazione faccia-a-faccia e stimolazione con oggetto per le diadi Italiane, stimolazione motoria per le diadi Camerunesi, stimolazione motoria e comunicazione faccia-a-faccia per le diadi immigrate. Sebbene in tutti e tre i gruppi i lattanti mostrino comportamenti comunicativi legati alla transizione del secondo mese, questi comportamenti agiscono come feedback positivo solo nelle madri Italiane e nelle madri immigrate, che rispondono ai lattanti con un incremento di comunicazione faccia-a-faccia.
This dissertation presents three empirical studies that have been carried out to deepen the investigation of both universal and cultural aspects in early forms of mother-infant communication across the first trimester of life, i.e., before, during, and after the 2-month transition indexed by the onset of social smiling. The studies are based on the ecocultural theoretical model of development, which claims that in specific contexts the prevalent cultural model informs parenting strategies (socialization goals, ethnotheories and behaviors) and child development, and they involved a mixed-method approach with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The representative level of parenting strategies, i.e., socialization goals and ethnotheories, has been investigated in Italian middle class-mothers and West African immigrant mothers when infants were 3 months old. Italian mothers emphasized socialization goals related to psychological autonomy, while West African mothers emphasized socialization goals related to hierarchical relatedness. Immigrant mothers resembled Italian mothers in their ethnotheories of body stimulation concerning the focus on positive emotionality, although they underlined the importance of motor stimulation. Maternal and infant behaviors have been examined during the spontaneous interaction across the first trimester of life in three groups of dyads: Cameroonian autochthonous dyads, Italian middle-class dyads and West African immigrant mothers and their babies living in Italy. The two autochthonous groups of mothers showed the parenting behavioral style (proximal vs. distal) which is adaptive for the two prototypical ecocultural contexts (rural communities vs. middle-class families), while West African immigrant mothers showed interesting elements of change, indicative of the acculturation process. Mother-infant behavioral patterns were organized in different parenting systems according to the cultural group: face-to-face communication and object stimulation for the Italian dyads, motor stimulation for the Cameroonian dyads, both motor stimulation and face-to-face communication for the West African immigrant dyads. Although in all three groups infants showed communicative behaviors related to the second-month transition, these behaviors acted as positive feedback only for Italian and immigrant mothers, who replied to infants with an increase in face-to-face communication.
EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY: UNIVERSALITY AND CULTURAL SPECIFICITY
CARRA, Cecilia
2013-01-01
Abstract
This dissertation presents three empirical studies that have been carried out to deepen the investigation of both universal and cultural aspects in early forms of mother-infant communication across the first trimester of life, i.e., before, during, and after the 2-month transition indexed by the onset of social smiling. The studies are based on the ecocultural theoretical model of development, which claims that in specific contexts the prevalent cultural model informs parenting strategies (socialization goals, ethnotheories and behaviors) and child development, and they involved a mixed-method approach with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The representative level of parenting strategies, i.e., socialization goals and ethnotheories, has been investigated in Italian middle class-mothers and West African immigrant mothers when infants were 3 months old. Italian mothers emphasized socialization goals related to psychological autonomy, while West African mothers emphasized socialization goals related to hierarchical relatedness. Immigrant mothers resembled Italian mothers in their ethnotheories of body stimulation concerning the focus on positive emotionality, although they underlined the importance of motor stimulation. Maternal and infant behaviors have been examined during the spontaneous interaction across the first trimester of life in three groups of dyads: Cameroonian autochthonous dyads, Italian middle-class dyads and West African immigrant mothers and their babies living in Italy. The two autochthonous groups of mothers showed the parenting behavioral style (proximal vs. distal) which is adaptive for the two prototypical ecocultural contexts (rural communities vs. middle-class families), while West African immigrant mothers showed interesting elements of change, indicative of the acculturation process. Mother-infant behavioral patterns were organized in different parenting systems according to the cultural group: face-to-face communication and object stimulation for the Italian dyads, motor stimulation for the Cameroonian dyads, both motor stimulation and face-to-face communication for the West African immigrant dyads. Although in all three groups infants showed communicative behaviors related to the second-month transition, these behaviors acted as positive feedback only for Italian and immigrant mothers, who replied to infants with an increase in face-to-face communication.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Doctoral Dissertation Cecilia Carra_final.pdf
non disponibili
Tipologia:
Abstract
Licenza:
Accesso ristretto
Dimensione
1.67 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.67 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.