La guarigione da ferite fibroproliferative rappresenta una delle maggiori patologie nelle persone anziane facendo slittare la normale riparazione e sviluppo dell’organo verso un processo fibrotico con conseguente perdita della funzione dell'organo stesso. RISOLVE è un progetto europeo che mira a creare strategie di trattamenti adeguati per ottenere un sano invecchiamento nelle persone anziane. In tal modo, RISOLVE vuole creare un significativo miglioramento della qualità della vita delle persone anziane. La proposta di studio di questa prima parte del lavoro è stata valutare e confrontare il processo fibrotico in due diversi modelli sperimentali di fibrosi nel polmone e nel fegato di topi giovani e vecchi: (1) modello di fibrosi da ipersensibilità nel polmone, (2) modello di fibrosi indotta da bleomicina nel polmone, (1) "cicatrizzazione regolare" del fegato, causata da epatectomia parziale (2/3 PH) (2) "guarigione delle ferite fibroproliferativa" dopo l'induzione della fibrosi epatica da trattamento con tetracloruro di carbonio (CCl4). È noto poi che tutte le cellule sono esposte a vari tipi di stress, tra cui gli eventi oncogenici. Le cellule tuttavia sono in grado di mettere in atto diversi meccanismi intrinseci per limitare l'espansione delle cellule tumorali. Oltre ai programmi di morte cellullare come l’apoptosi e l’autofagia, la senescenza indotta dall’oncogene (OIS) è sempre più riconosciuta come una barriera potente contro la trasformazione oncogenica. L’OIS è considerata una forma precoce di senescenza cellulare, che non risponde ai fattori di crescita. E 'stato ipotizzato che l’OIS viene innescata da una serie di “meccanismi di conteggio", come l'accorciamento dei telomeri, che sono stati esaminati a livello molecolare. In particolare, i meccanismi alla base della senescenza cellulare sono coinvolti nella protezione contro il cancro e potrebbero anche essere coinvolti nell’invecchiamento dell’organismo. In particolare è stato visto che l’OIS agisce attivando particolari vie di oncosoppressori, tra cui le cascate di attivazione delle molecole p16-retinoblastoma (RB) e ARF-p53, entrambe molecole regolatrici del ciclo cellulare. Alla luce di queste nozioni, il nostro obiettivo è stato quello di indagare in primo luogo i rapporti tra fibrosi e senescenza nei tessuti murini e in seguito di indagare marker di senescenza, con particolare riguardo per la molecola p16, nei tessuti umani, concentrandoci su malattie infiammatorie croniche e fibrogenetiche (come fibrosi polmonare idiopatica, IPF) e processi neoplastici (tra cui il linfoma di Hodgkinla (HD), l’istiocitosi X e l’angiomiolipoma nel rene (AML)). Infine abbiamo confrontato marcatori di autofagia e senescenza, in particolare nell’angiomiolipoma, per valutare se queste possano essere tra loro in qualche modo correlate.
Fibroproliferative wound healing represents a major pathology in elderly people shifting regular organ development into rogressive organ fibrosis with complete loss of organ function. RESOLVE is an European project that aims to create suitable treatment strategies to achieve healthy ageing in the elderly. In doing so, RESOLVE will create a significant impact on life quality of elderly people. The study proposal of this first part of work was assess the fibrotic process in two different experimental lung mice models: (1) fibrosis from hypersensitivity, (2) fibrosis induced by bleomycin, and to assess two different models of liver regeneration: (1) “regular wound healing”of the liver as provided by two-third partial hepatectomy (2/3 PH) (2) the “fibroproliferative wound healing” after inducing hepatic fibrosis by CCl4 treatment. Furthermore we know that cells are exposed to various types of stress, such as oncogenic events. Several cell-intrinsic mechanisms, however, are in place to limit the expansion of cancer cells. In addition to cell death programmes such as apoptosis and autophagy, oncogeneinduced senescence (OIS) is increasingly recognized as a potent barrier against oncogenic transformation, suppressing the uncontrolled proliferation of neoplastic cells. OIS is considered a premature form of cellular senescence, which is unresponsive to growth factors. It’s has been hypotized that OIS is triggered by a number of “counting mechanisms,”such as telomere shortening, which have been investigated at molecular level. Notably, the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence are involved in protection against cancer and also may be involved in organismal aging. OIS comprises the activation of tumour suppressor pathways, including the cytostatic INK4A–retinoblastoma (RB) and ARF–p53 signalling cascades. In the light of these notions, our aim was to investigate first the relations between fibrosis and senescence in mice tissue and than to investigate senescence and autophagy in human tissues focusing on chronic inflammatory and fibrogenetic diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF) and neoplastic processes (hodgkin's lymphoma (HD), histiocytosis x and angiomyolipoma of the kidney (AML)). Finally we investigated markers for autophagy and senescence in angiomyolipome to assess if autophagy and senescence can be connacted.
”CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN TUMORS AND REGENERATIVE PATHOLOGY”
PASTENA, Chiara
2013-01-01
Abstract
Fibroproliferative wound healing represents a major pathology in elderly people shifting regular organ development into rogressive organ fibrosis with complete loss of organ function. RESOLVE is an European project that aims to create suitable treatment strategies to achieve healthy ageing in the elderly. In doing so, RESOLVE will create a significant impact on life quality of elderly people. The study proposal of this first part of work was assess the fibrotic process in two different experimental lung mice models: (1) fibrosis from hypersensitivity, (2) fibrosis induced by bleomycin, and to assess two different models of liver regeneration: (1) “regular wound healing”of the liver as provided by two-third partial hepatectomy (2/3 PH) (2) the “fibroproliferative wound healing” after inducing hepatic fibrosis by CCl4 treatment. Furthermore we know that cells are exposed to various types of stress, such as oncogenic events. Several cell-intrinsic mechanisms, however, are in place to limit the expansion of cancer cells. In addition to cell death programmes such as apoptosis and autophagy, oncogeneinduced senescence (OIS) is increasingly recognized as a potent barrier against oncogenic transformation, suppressing the uncontrolled proliferation of neoplastic cells. OIS is considered a premature form of cellular senescence, which is unresponsive to growth factors. It’s has been hypotized that OIS is triggered by a number of “counting mechanisms,”such as telomere shortening, which have been investigated at molecular level. Notably, the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence are involved in protection against cancer and also may be involved in organismal aging. OIS comprises the activation of tumour suppressor pathways, including the cytostatic INK4A–retinoblastoma (RB) and ARF–p53 signalling cascades. In the light of these notions, our aim was to investigate first the relations between fibrosis and senescence in mice tissue and than to investigate senescence and autophagy in human tissues focusing on chronic inflammatory and fibrogenetic diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF) and neoplastic processes (hodgkin's lymphoma (HD), histiocytosis x and angiomyolipoma of the kidney (AML)). Finally we investigated markers for autophagy and senescence in angiomyolipome to assess if autophagy and senescence can be connacted.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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