La valutazione funzionale è quel processo che fornisce una valutazione delle risposte integrative che coinvolgono il sistema cardiovascolare, polmonare e muscolo-scheletrico. Essa è utile per determinare lo stato di salute e il livello di fitness individuale, per prescrivere la corretta intensità di esercizio e per monitorare i possibili cambiamenti nel tempo. I più importanti parametri fisiologici per una corretta valutazione funzionale e prescrizione dell’esercizio sono il massimo consumo di ossigeno (VO2max) e la soglia anaerobica (AT). L’obiettivo del mio precorso di dottorato è stato quello di sviluppare e validare alcuni metodi indiretti per determinare il massimo consumo di ossigeno (VO2max) e la soglia anaerobica (AT) in persone adulte ed anziane. I principali risultati della mia ricerca sono i seguenti: 1) lo sviluppo e validazione di una versione "su misura" dell’Astrand-Rhyming step test e una nuova equazione per la stima del VO2max negli anziani; protocollo e nuova equazione risultano essere adatti per una rapida (5-min), sicura (submassimale), accurata e precisa stima del VO2max in anziani sani. 2) l'AT può essere accuratamente determinata in soggetti sani sulla base della quantità di emoglobina deossigenata, indice di estrazione di ossigeno, presente a livello del muscolo vasto laterale e misurata in modo non invasivo attraverso la near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). I principali vantaggi dell’utilizzo della NIRS per determinare AT, rispetto alle altre tecniche basate sui prelievi di lattato sono la non invasività e l’efficienza in termini di tempo e costi. 3) dal confronto di AT basata sulla tecnica NIRS con il surrogato più comunemente usato per la determinazione di AT in maniera indiretta, vale a dire le soglie ventilatorie di Wasserman (VT1 e VT2) si è visto che AT basata sulla NIRS è altamente correlata e sostanzialmente coincidente con VT1. Al contrario VT2 viene sottostimata dalla tecnica NIRS. Rispetto ad altri metodi, la NIRS offre il vantaggio dell'indipendenza dalla irregolarità della respirazione che può influire pesantemente sui metodi basati sulle tecniche ventilatorie.
The functional evaluation is the process that provides assessment of the integrative responses involving the pulmonary cardiovascular and skeletal muscle system; it is useful to determine the health status and the individual fitness level, to prescribe correct exercise intensity and to monitor the possible changes over time. The most important physiological parameters for the functional evaluation and a correct exercise prescription are the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the anaerobic threshold (AT). The aim of my PhD project was to develop and validate some indirect methods for the maximum oxygen uptake and the anaerobic threshold determination in groups of young and older adults. The main goal is the feasibility and accuracy of these new "field" methods. The main results of my research are: 1) It is developed and validated a “tailored” version of the Åstrand-Rhyming step test and a new equation for VO2max prediction in older adults; they appear suitable for a rapid (5-min), safe (submaximal), accurate and precise VO2max prediction in healthy older adults. 2) It is verified that the AT can be accurately determined in healthy subjects based on measures of deoxygenated hemoglobin, index of oxygen extraction measured non-invasively by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The main advantages of NIRS-based measures of AT over lactate-based techniques are the non invasiveness and the time/cost efficiency. 3) It is compared NIRS-based measures of AT to the most commonly used surrogate of AT i.e. the ventilatory thresholds of Wasserman (VT1 and VT2); NIRS-based measures of AT was highly correlated and substantially coincident with VT1. On the contrary NIRS-based measures of AT underestimated VT2. Compared to other methods, NIRS-based measures of AT offers the advantage of the independence from irregularity of breathing pattern that can heavily affect ventilatory based techniques.
FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION FOR A "TAILORED" EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION IN OLDER ADULTS
BELLOTTI, Cecilia
2012-01-01
Abstract
The functional evaluation is the process that provides assessment of the integrative responses involving the pulmonary cardiovascular and skeletal muscle system; it is useful to determine the health status and the individual fitness level, to prescribe correct exercise intensity and to monitor the possible changes over time. The most important physiological parameters for the functional evaluation and a correct exercise prescription are the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the anaerobic threshold (AT). The aim of my PhD project was to develop and validate some indirect methods for the maximum oxygen uptake and the anaerobic threshold determination in groups of young and older adults. The main goal is the feasibility and accuracy of these new "field" methods. The main results of my research are: 1) It is developed and validated a “tailored” version of the Åstrand-Rhyming step test and a new equation for VO2max prediction in older adults; they appear suitable for a rapid (5-min), safe (submaximal), accurate and precise VO2max prediction in healthy older adults. 2) It is verified that the AT can be accurately determined in healthy subjects based on measures of deoxygenated hemoglobin, index of oxygen extraction measured non-invasively by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The main advantages of NIRS-based measures of AT over lactate-based techniques are the non invasiveness and the time/cost efficiency. 3) It is compared NIRS-based measures of AT to the most commonly used surrogate of AT i.e. the ventilatory thresholds of Wasserman (VT1 and VT2); NIRS-based measures of AT was highly correlated and substantially coincident with VT1. On the contrary NIRS-based measures of AT underestimated VT2. Compared to other methods, NIRS-based measures of AT offers the advantage of the independence from irregularity of breathing pattern that can heavily affect ventilatory based techniques.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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