TRASFORMAZIONE GENETICA DI Vitis vinifera L. CON COSTRUTTI CHE INDUCONO IL SILENZIAMENTO GENICO POST-TRASCRIZIONALE La vite (Vitis vinifera L.) è una tra le più importanti specie coltivate del mondo. Obiettivi prioritari di molti programmi di miglioramento genetico della vite sono l’ottenimento di piante resistenti a vari stress biotici e il miglioramento di caratteri che interessano il controllo dello sviluppo e della qualità del frutto. L’obiettivo generale della mia tesi riguarda la trasformazione genetica di vite con costrutti che inducono il silenziamento genico post-trascrizionale (PTGS) per indurre resistenza multipla a virus o studiare la funzione genica di un gene. Il progetto include l’applicazione del protocollo di trasformazione genetica basata sul metodo dell’oraganogenesi (Mezzetti et al., 2002) sulle varietà Vitroblack, Pinot noir, e Corvina e il portainnesto 1103 Paulsen. Il primo obiettivo è quello di sviluppare un metodo per conferire una resistenza multipla al Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (GFLV) e Grapevine Leaf Roll associated Viruses (GLRaV) in vite PTGS. Il costrutto genico hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV è stato utilizzato per la trasformazione genetica della pianta modello Nicotiana benthamiana. Parallelamente lo stesso costrutto è stato utilizzato per la trasformazione genetica sempre tramite Agrobacterium tumefaciens di vite. Per questi esperimenti sono state utilizzate due differenti cultivar di vite (Pinot noir e Corvina) ed un portinnesto (1103 Paulsen), seguendo il metodo descritto da Mezzetti et al. (2002). Due linee di corvina sono risultate positive all’analisi PCR. Germogli della cultivar Pinot noir e il portinnesto 1103 Paulsen trasformati con il costrutto hpVirusesGFLV-GLRaV, sono stati ottenuti attraverso selezione su substrati contenenti concentrazioni crescenti di kanamicina (25 mg/l, 35 mg/l e 50 mg/l) e radicazione a 35-50 mg/l. Il secondo obiettivo della mia tesi riguarda lo studio funzionale di geni coinvolti nello sviluppo del frutto, in particolare all’identificazione in vite gli ortologhi dei geni AUCSIA di pomodoro, analizzare la loro espressione durante lo sviluppo del frutto e sviluppare un metodo di trasformazione genetica in vite per studiarne la funzione tramite il silenziamento genico. Lo studio dell’espressione dei geni VvAUCSIA, è stato svolto nella varietà da tavola Silcora comparando piante controllo e piante trasformate con il gene DefH9-iaaM (Silcora clone A) nelle diverse fasi di crescita delle bacche dalle gemme dormienti alle bacche mature (dormienza-raccolta). In relazione alla trasformazione genetica, è stato realizzato un costrutto genico ad hairpin (hpVvAUCSIA1) disegnato per indurre il silenziamento genico post- trascrizionale (PTGS, Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing) verso il gene AUCSIA1. Il costrutto è stato utilizzato per le prove di trasformazione genetica sulla cultivar da tavola a bacca nera di Vitis vinifera Vitroblack. La selezione dei putativi trasformanti è stata effettuata su substrati contenenti l’agente selezionante kanamicina alla concentrazione di 25 mg/l. Sette linee radicate analizzate per PCR, risultano positive.
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Vitis vinifera L. WITH CONTRUCTS THAT ELICIT THE POST-TRANSCTRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important crop species in the world. Main purposes of grapevine genetic breeding are resistance to biotic stresses and improvement of fruit production and quality. The aim of this doctoral thesis is the genetic transformation of grapevine plants with constructs that elicit post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in order to induce virus resistance or to study the function of a newly-discovered gene family (Aucsia) involved in auxin-mediated regulation of fruit development. To attain the final targets of the PhD project, we applied to wine (Pinot noir and Corvina) and table grape (Vitroblack) varieties and to a grape rootstock (1103 Paulsen) a genetic transformation protocol based on organogenesis (Mezzetti et al., 2002). This method consists in the formation of a meristematic bulk with a high regenerative capacity, starting from adventitious shoots proliferating in vitro. The meristematic bulk is subsequently used for both grape regeneration and genetic transformation. The first objective has been the development of a genetic engineering method for conferring resistance to Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (GFLV) and Grapevine Leaf Roll associated Viruses (GLRaV) through the induction of PTGS. A chimeric hairpin construct (hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV) aimed to induce resistance against both GFLV and GLRaV-3 was built. The hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV construct was used for genetic transformation of the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and grapevine. For these experiments we used two different grapevine cultivars (Corvina and Pinot noir) and one rootstock (1103 Paulsen). Two rooted hpVirusesGFLV-GLRaV lines of Corvina resulted positive to PCR analysis. Regenerated shoots of Pinot noir and 1103 Paulsen transformed with the hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV construct, have been obtained by selection at increasing concentrations of kanamycin starting from 25 mg/l and are now in the rooting phase. Experiments on hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV N. benthamiana and control plants challenged with either ArMV or GFLV were performed. The second objective concerns the identification of the grapevine orthologous of the AUCSIA tomato genes, the analysis of their expression during fruit development and the development of tools for investigating their function through PTGS-mediated suppression. The expression of VvAUCSIA genes was studied in Silcora table grape variety comparing wild type plants and plants transformed with the auxin-synthesising DefH9-iaaM gene at different phases of berry growth from dormant buds to mature berries (dormancy-harvest). The genetic transformation of Vitroblack variety with a construct (hpVvAUCSIA1) designed to elicit PTGS against AUCSIA genes has been performed. Selection of the putative transformants has been done using substrates enriched with the selective agent kanamycin at concentrations 25 mg/l. Seven rooted lines analyzed by PCR resulted positive.
Trasformazione genetica di Vitis vinifera L. con costrutti che inducono il silenziamento genico post-trascrizionale
PALMA, Daniela
2012-01-01
Abstract
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Vitis vinifera L. WITH CONTRUCTS THAT ELICIT THE POST-TRANSCTRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important crop species in the world. Main purposes of grapevine genetic breeding are resistance to biotic stresses and improvement of fruit production and quality. The aim of this doctoral thesis is the genetic transformation of grapevine plants with constructs that elicit post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in order to induce virus resistance or to study the function of a newly-discovered gene family (Aucsia) involved in auxin-mediated regulation of fruit development. To attain the final targets of the PhD project, we applied to wine (Pinot noir and Corvina) and table grape (Vitroblack) varieties and to a grape rootstock (1103 Paulsen) a genetic transformation protocol based on organogenesis (Mezzetti et al., 2002). This method consists in the formation of a meristematic bulk with a high regenerative capacity, starting from adventitious shoots proliferating in vitro. The meristematic bulk is subsequently used for both grape regeneration and genetic transformation. The first objective has been the development of a genetic engineering method for conferring resistance to Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (GFLV) and Grapevine Leaf Roll associated Viruses (GLRaV) through the induction of PTGS. A chimeric hairpin construct (hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV) aimed to induce resistance against both GFLV and GLRaV-3 was built. The hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV construct was used for genetic transformation of the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and grapevine. For these experiments we used two different grapevine cultivars (Corvina and Pinot noir) and one rootstock (1103 Paulsen). Two rooted hpVirusesGFLV-GLRaV lines of Corvina resulted positive to PCR analysis. Regenerated shoots of Pinot noir and 1103 Paulsen transformed with the hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV construct, have been obtained by selection at increasing concentrations of kanamycin starting from 25 mg/l and are now in the rooting phase. Experiments on hpViruses GFLV-GLRaV N. benthamiana and control plants challenged with either ArMV or GFLV were performed. The second objective concerns the identification of the grapevine orthologous of the AUCSIA tomato genes, the analysis of their expression during fruit development and the development of tools for investigating their function through PTGS-mediated suppression. The expression of VvAUCSIA genes was studied in Silcora table grape variety comparing wild type plants and plants transformed with the auxin-synthesising DefH9-iaaM gene at different phases of berry growth from dormant buds to mature berries (dormancy-harvest). The genetic transformation of Vitroblack variety with a construct (hpVvAUCSIA1) designed to elicit PTGS against AUCSIA genes has been performed. Selection of the putative transformants has been done using substrates enriched with the selective agent kanamycin at concentrations 25 mg/l. Seven rooted lines analyzed by PCR resulted positive.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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