Total body water (TBW) is distributed in compartments divided by semipermeable membranes. In postnatal life, approximately two-thirds of TBW is located in the intracellular space, and one-third is located in the extracellular space. The latter is further divided with a 3 : 1 ratio in the interstitial and plasma compartments. Passive equilibration of solutes between body compartments is driven by electrochemical gradients and is mediated by a complex system of transport mechanisms that includes pumps, channels, facilitated carriers, and selective paracellular pathways. With few exceptions, water diffuses rapidly across epithelia and cell membranes following osmotic gradients. High transcellular water transport cannot occur through pure lipid bilayers because these have low osmotic water permeability...
Renal Modulation: Arginine Vassopresin and atrial natriuretic peptide
ZAFFANELLO, Marco;
2012-01-01
Abstract
Total body water (TBW) is distributed in compartments divided by semipermeable membranes. In postnatal life, approximately two-thirds of TBW is located in the intracellular space, and one-third is located in the extracellular space. The latter is further divided with a 3 : 1 ratio in the interstitial and plasma compartments. Passive equilibration of solutes between body compartments is driven by electrochemical gradients and is mediated by a complex system of transport mechanisms that includes pumps, channels, facilitated carriers, and selective paracellular pathways. With few exceptions, water diffuses rapidly across epithelia and cell membranes following osmotic gradients. High transcellular water transport cannot occur through pure lipid bilayers because these have low osmotic water permeability...
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