Il riconoscimento dei vizi è l’atto con cui si ammette l’esistenza di un difetto di una cosa. Ad esso la legge ricollega una serie di conseguenze che si ripercuotono sulla garanzia dovuta per i vizi. Si è cercato di verificare se al riconoscimento possano essere ricondotti ulteriori effetti rispetto alla inutilità della denuncia. Punto di partenza è stato l’esame della garanzia per i vizi: preliminarmente si è identificato il concetto stesso di vizio, attraverso lo studio di tutte le norme codicistiche, ed il loro raffronto, in cui esso assume rilevanza. In tal modo si è analizzato come la garanzia per vizi abbia una rilevanza diversa secondo che si tratti di vendita, appalto, locazione, comodato, mutuo, assicurazione e donazione. Si è quindi affrontato il problema della natura giuridica della garanzia per vizi, passando in rassegna le varie teorie che nel tempo sono state suggerite dalla dottrina, analizzando specificamente, anche in relazione alle norme di diritto comunitario, il rapporto tra garanzia ed obbligo di consegnare cose conformi al contratto. Si è quindi illustrato diffusamente il problema dell’aliud pro alio, illustrando sia le differenze con la nozione di vizio, sia i diversi rimedi offerti al compratore ed al committente. In chiusura della parte relativa all’ambito di applicazione della garanzia si è affrontato il problema dall’applicabilità delle norme in esame al contratto preliminare di vendita ad effetti anticipati. Effettuate le premesse di carattere sistematico, si è quindi passati allo studio del riconoscimento, dapprima in generale, con particolare attenzione alla sua funzione ricognitiva, e successivamente riferito ai vizi. In tale prospettiva si è analizzato l’istituto della denuncia, anche avendo riguardo alle norme di diritto internazionale. Per un accorto approfondimento del riconoscimento si è ritenuto opportuno approfondire i suoi legami con istituti affini, come la transazione e la confessione. All’esito è stato possibile individuare un nuovo concetto di riconoscimento, diverso da quello previsto dagli articoli 1495 e 1667 cod. civ.: prendendo quale spunto di riflessione l’ipotesi di un riconoscimento di un vizio irrilevante si è ipotizzato, infatti, grazie soprattutto al metodo comparatistico ed al contributo dato dalla dottrina tedesca, un riconoscimento con efficacia costitutivo-modificativa della garanzia. In altre parole, attraverso il riconoscimento sarebbe consentito alle parti di creare nuove obbligazioni sganciate dalla garanzia codicistica ma che la presuppongono. Si è visto, quindi, come un tale riconoscimento possa accreditarsi come strumento transattivo e/o conciliativo, che consente alle parti di evitare o prevenire una lite avente ad oggetto proprio l’esistenza di un vizio e quindi l’operatività o meno della garanzia. Il tutto senza tralasciare i risultati cui la dottrina e la giurisprudenza è pervenuta nello studio del riconoscimento dei vizi, soprattutto in tema di effetti sulla prescrizione della garanzia e sulla decadenza dal termine per la denuncia. Infine ci si dedicati all’analisi degli effetti del riconoscimento, verificando se da esso possano o no discendere obblighi di eliminazione dei vizi riconosciuti. Anche sul punto il metodo comparatistico è stato fondamentale. Ed ancora una volta la soluzione è pervenuta dal diritto tedesco. La teorizzazione di un riconoscimento con efficacia costitutivo-modificativa del diritto di garanzia, consente certamente alle parti la creazione di nuovi obblighi, quali appunto quello eliminatorio. Il concetto di novità dell’obbligo derivato dal riconoscimento è stato debitamente posto in relazione con l’istituto della novazione, cui la giurisprudenza italiana spesso ha fatto ricorso per spiegare la portata di tale obbligo. Nella ricostruzione del riconoscimento quale fonte di obbligazione si è tenuto in debito conto delle teorie che negano che da un atto di ricognizione possano nascere nuove obbligazioni e che riconducono l’istituto alla ricognizione di debito.
The recognition of defects is the act by which we admit the existence of a defect of a thing. The law attaches to it a number of consequences that affect the warranty due to defects. We tried to determine whether the recognition can be traced back further than the effects futility of the complaint. The starting point was an examination of the warranty for defects: first we identified the concept of defect, through the study of all the rules codicistiche, and their comparison, as it is relevant. This will be analyzed as a guarantee for defects have a different significance depending on whether the sales contract, lease, loan, mortgage, insurance and donation. He then addressed the question of the legal nature of the warranty against defects, reviewing the various theories which over time have been suggested by the doctrine, analyzing specifically, in relation to Community law, the relationship between the guarantee and obligation to deliver things in accordance with the contract. He then explained at length the problem dell'aliud pro alio, illustrating both the differences with the notion of defect, and the various remedies offered to the buyer and the buyer. In the closing part of the scope of the guarantee has addressed the issue of the applicability of the rules concerned the contract of sale prior to the anticipated effects. Do the premises of a systematic nature, it is then passed to the study of recognition, first in general, with particular attention to its reconnaissance function, and subsequently reported to the vices. In this perspective, we analyze the institution of the complaint, having regard to the rules of international law. For a shrewd recognition of the depth it was decided to deepen its links with similar institutions, such as transaction and confession. Outcome was possible to identify a new concept of recognition, other than that provided by Articles 1495 and 1667 cod. Civ.: taking as a starting point for reflection the possibility of a recognition of a defect is irrelevant is assumed, in fact, thanks to the comparative method and the contribution made by the German doctrine, effectively constituting a recognition-an amendment of the guarantee. In other words, through the recognition would allow the parties to create new bonds dropped by the warranty but that presupposes codicistica. It is seen, therefore, as such recognition can apply for accreditation as a means of settlement and / or conciliation, which allows parties to avoid or prevent a dispute concerning the very existence of a defect and therefore the effectiveness or otherwise of the warranty. All without leaving the results in the doctrine and the case was received in the study of recognition of the defects, especially with regard to the effects of limitations on the removal of the guarantee and the deadline for the complaint. Finally, there is dedicated to the analysis of the effects of recognition, by testing whether it can or can not come down obligations for the elimination of defects recognized. Also about the comparative method was crucial. And once again the answer was received from the German law. The theory of recognition-effective constitutive law is amended to guarantee, certainly allows the parties to the creation of new obligations, such as one is eliminated. The concept of innovation derived from the recognition of the obligation has been duly placed in relation to the establishment of innovation, which the Italian case law has often been used to explain the scope of this obligation. In the reconstruction of recognition as a source of obligation has been taken due account of the theories that deny that an act of recognition could lead to new obligations and that led back to the institution to the recognition of debt.
Riconoscimento dei vizi
BEMBO, Mino Daniele
2011-01-01
Abstract
The recognition of defects is the act by which we admit the existence of a defect of a thing. The law attaches to it a number of consequences that affect the warranty due to defects. We tried to determine whether the recognition can be traced back further than the effects futility of the complaint. The starting point was an examination of the warranty for defects: first we identified the concept of defect, through the study of all the rules codicistiche, and their comparison, as it is relevant. This will be analyzed as a guarantee for defects have a different significance depending on whether the sales contract, lease, loan, mortgage, insurance and donation. He then addressed the question of the legal nature of the warranty against defects, reviewing the various theories which over time have been suggested by the doctrine, analyzing specifically, in relation to Community law, the relationship between the guarantee and obligation to deliver things in accordance with the contract. He then explained at length the problem dell'aliud pro alio, illustrating both the differences with the notion of defect, and the various remedies offered to the buyer and the buyer. In the closing part of the scope of the guarantee has addressed the issue of the applicability of the rules concerned the contract of sale prior to the anticipated effects. Do the premises of a systematic nature, it is then passed to the study of recognition, first in general, with particular attention to its reconnaissance function, and subsequently reported to the vices. In this perspective, we analyze the institution of the complaint, having regard to the rules of international law. For a shrewd recognition of the depth it was decided to deepen its links with similar institutions, such as transaction and confession. Outcome was possible to identify a new concept of recognition, other than that provided by Articles 1495 and 1667 cod. Civ.: taking as a starting point for reflection the possibility of a recognition of a defect is irrelevant is assumed, in fact, thanks to the comparative method and the contribution made by the German doctrine, effectively constituting a recognition-an amendment of the guarantee. In other words, through the recognition would allow the parties to create new bonds dropped by the warranty but that presupposes codicistica. It is seen, therefore, as such recognition can apply for accreditation as a means of settlement and / or conciliation, which allows parties to avoid or prevent a dispute concerning the very existence of a defect and therefore the effectiveness or otherwise of the warranty. All without leaving the results in the doctrine and the case was received in the study of recognition of the defects, especially with regard to the effects of limitations on the removal of the guarantee and the deadline for the complaint. Finally, there is dedicated to the analysis of the effects of recognition, by testing whether it can or can not come down obligations for the elimination of defects recognized. Also about the comparative method was crucial. And once again the answer was received from the German law. The theory of recognition-effective constitutive law is amended to guarantee, certainly allows the parties to the creation of new obligations, such as one is eliminated. The concept of innovation derived from the recognition of the obligation has been duly placed in relation to the establishment of innovation, which the Italian case law has often been used to explain the scope of this obligation. In the reconstruction of recognition as a source of obligation has been taken due account of the theories that deny that an act of recognition could lead to new obligations and that led back to the institution to the recognition of debt.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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