Fino a pochi anni fa, gli scritti ebraici di Hannah Arendt sono stati in gran parte trascurati. Un vero peccato, dal momento che ciò ha portato ad una comprensione incompleta sia della sua teoria politica, per la quale ella è diventata famosa, sia della sua visione della storia ebraica moderna, per la quale è stata punita. Esiste infatti un’essenziale connessione tra la sua concezione della storia ebraica e la sua teoria politica: la sua visione della condizione ebraica moderna funge da introduzione alla sua teoria politica, mentre la sua teoria politica chiarisce la sua interpretazione della storia ebraica. Questo studio prende le mosse dalle posizioni di Arendt rispetto al problema ebraico e segue passo dopo passo il suo avvicinamento al sionismo. Racconta dei dieci anni di militanza (dal 1933 al 1943 – gli anni in cui Arendt aderisce al sionismo, pur non diventando sionista) e analizza i suoi moltissimi articoli sull’argomento per ricostruire la sua posizione critica rispetto a questo movimento (mettendo in evidenza speranze, delusioni, preoccupazioni e accuse). Arendt cerca – prima di tutto riflettendo filosoficamente – uno spazio politico comune a tutti gli uomini, nel quale possano coesistere il desiderio degli ebrei di emanciparsi e le aspirazioni di tutti i popoli all’autodeterminazione. A partire da questa convinzione, ella da un lato affronta il significato storico e politico dell'assimilazione e del sionismo – in un certo senso due facce dello stesso problema –, dall’altro non si stanca mai di chiedere ai sionisti di rinunciare al loro progetto di uno stato nazionale ebraico in Palestina, e continua a sostenere che essi dovrebbero optare per una soluzione diversa, una federazione e/o una confederazione – ovvero per una formula più ‘politica’, in termini arendtiani. Prendendo in esame le complesse vicende storiche e politiche del sionismo, questa ricerca intende analizzare la pregnanza politica di tale concetto, mettendone in luce – a partire dalle riflessioni arendtiane sul tema, nonché dalla sua esperienza personale e intellettuale di ebrea della diaspora – le contraddizioni e le incongruenze. Lo studio tiene assieme le tre fondamentali dimensioni di analisi – la storica, la politologica e la filosofica – per cercare di proporre una inedita mappatura del rapporto di Arendt col sionismo e, grazie ad essa, una originale rivisitazione del suo pensiero. La tesi non tenta di calcare un cappello interpretativo su una materia refrattaria: lascia invece parlare i testi, per restituire al pensiero arendtiano oscillazioni e sfaccettature. Il lavoro si colloca al crocevia tra la storia politica europea del XIX secolo, le catastrofi totalitarie del Novecento e la riflessione filosofica da esse scaturita.
Hannah Arendt’s Jewish Writings have been for the most part neglected and forgotten until recent years. This was most unfortunate, because it led to an incomplete understanding of both her political theory, for which she was world-famous, and her view on modern Jewish history, for which she was punished. In fact, there is an essential and strong connection between her conception of Jewish history and her political theory: her view of the modern Jewish condition serves as an introduction to her political theory, while her political theory clarifies her interpretation of Jewish history. This study starts from Arendt’s position on the Jewish problem and follows step by step her approach to Zionism. It tells of the ten years of her militancy (from 1933 to 1943 – the years during which Arendt joins Zionism, but doesn’t become a Zionist) and examines her many articles on the subject in order to reconstruct her critical position on this movement (pointing out hopes, disappointments, worries and accusations). Arendt searches – first of all in philosophical reflection – for political ground, common to every individual, where the desire of the Jews for emancipation and each nation’s aspiration for self-determination can co-exist. Starting from this conviction, on the one hand she deals with the historical and political meaning of assimilation and Zionism – in one sense two sides of the same coin –; on the other hand, she never tires of asking Zionists to give up their prospect of a Jewish nation-state in Palestine, and keeps claiming that they should opt for a federal/confederate solution – i.e. for a more ‘political’ settlement, in Arendtian terms. In examining the complex history and political events of Zionism, this research aims to analyse the significance of this concept, by pointing out – starting from Arendt’s own reflections on the subject, as well as from her personal and intellectual experience of being a Jewess of the diaspora – its contradictions and inconsistencies. The study keeps together the three dimensions of analysis (the historical, the philosophical and that relating to political studies) to try and offer a new mapping of Arendt’s difficulties with Zionism and, by means of it, an original presentation of her thought and its development. Instead of trying to force a multifaceted situation into one interpretation, the dissertation lets the texts speak to give all the oscillations and facets back to Arendt’s thought. Moreover, the study takes into account the important crossroads where European political history at the end of the nineteenth century meets the catastrophes of twentieth-century totalitarianism and deals with the ensuing philosophical reflections.
Hannah Arendt e il sionismo: un percorso filosofico-politico
RAPA, SARA
2011-01-01
Abstract
Hannah Arendt’s Jewish Writings have been for the most part neglected and forgotten until recent years. This was most unfortunate, because it led to an incomplete understanding of both her political theory, for which she was world-famous, and her view on modern Jewish history, for which she was punished. In fact, there is an essential and strong connection between her conception of Jewish history and her political theory: her view of the modern Jewish condition serves as an introduction to her political theory, while her political theory clarifies her interpretation of Jewish history. This study starts from Arendt’s position on the Jewish problem and follows step by step her approach to Zionism. It tells of the ten years of her militancy (from 1933 to 1943 – the years during which Arendt joins Zionism, but doesn’t become a Zionist) and examines her many articles on the subject in order to reconstruct her critical position on this movement (pointing out hopes, disappointments, worries and accusations). Arendt searches – first of all in philosophical reflection – for political ground, common to every individual, where the desire of the Jews for emancipation and each nation’s aspiration for self-determination can co-exist. Starting from this conviction, on the one hand she deals with the historical and political meaning of assimilation and Zionism – in one sense two sides of the same coin –; on the other hand, she never tires of asking Zionists to give up their prospect of a Jewish nation-state in Palestine, and keeps claiming that they should opt for a federal/confederate solution – i.e. for a more ‘political’ settlement, in Arendtian terms. In examining the complex history and political events of Zionism, this research aims to analyse the significance of this concept, by pointing out – starting from Arendt’s own reflections on the subject, as well as from her personal and intellectual experience of being a Jewess of the diaspora – its contradictions and inconsistencies. The study keeps together the three dimensions of analysis (the historical, the philosophical and that relating to political studies) to try and offer a new mapping of Arendt’s difficulties with Zionism and, by means of it, an original presentation of her thought and its development. Instead of trying to force a multifaceted situation into one interpretation, the dissertation lets the texts speak to give all the oscillations and facets back to Arendt’s thought. Moreover, the study takes into account the important crossroads where European political history at the end of the nineteenth century meets the catastrophes of twentieth-century totalitarianism and deals with the ensuing philosophical reflections.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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