In questo lavoro di tesi ci si è occupati dell’espressione, della purificazione e della cristallizzazione di tre enzimi (bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase, BAAT; farnesyl cysteine-carboxyl methyltransferase, Ste14; e stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD) con lo scopo finale di determinarne la struttura tridimensionale mediante analisi di diffrazione di raggi X. I cDNA delle proteine in questione sono stati clonati in vettori per l’espressione in sistemi eterologhi. Le scelta del sistema di espressione opportuno per la produzione su larga scala è stata condotta dopo una valutazione della resa, della stabilità ed integrità del prodotto proteico. La proteina BAAT umana è stata espressa utilizzando il sistema procariotico E.coli. La proteina ricombinante è stata purificata tramite due cromatografie di affinità al nichel e gel filtrazione. L’integrità del campione ottenuto è stata controllata attraverso spettrometria di massa e l’omogeneità mediante DLS. E’ stata condotta anche una valutazione dell’attività enzimatica verificando la presenza dei prodotti mediante spettrometria di massa. Oltre alla proteina wild type è stato prodotto il mutante privo di attività enzimatica (C235A) per procedere con le prove di cristallizzazione in presenza del substrato. I campioni ottenuti si presentano sufficientemente puri, stabili ed omogenei per allestire le prove di cristallizzazione. Le prove di cristallizzazione hanno dato esito positivo con la proteina mutata, anche se i cristalli fino ad ora ottenuti non sono idonei per gli esperimenti di diffrazione di raggi X. La proteina di membrana Ste14 di C.glabrata è stata individuata come buon candidato per la produzione su larga scala al fine di condurre studi strutturali attraverso l’utilizzo di un sistema high-throughput pubblicato da Drew et al., 2008. Il sistema prevede l’espressione eterologa in S. cerevisiae; la proteina di interesse viene prodotta in fusione alla GFP permettendo la valutazione del livello di espressione e la stabilità nei diversi detergenti attraverso misure di fluorescenza sull’estratto cellulare. L’enzima è stato purificato attraverso due cromatografie di affinità al nichel e gel filtrazione in presenza sia del detergente DDM sia del detergente LDAO. Il profilo della gel filtrazione suggerisce che il campione è ‘monodisperso’ e quindi adeguato per l’allestimento di prove di cristallizzazione. Ad oggi non sono però stati ottenuti cristalli adatti ad esperimenti di diffrazione. E’ stato infine messo appunto un protocollo di espressione e purificazione per l’enzima transmembrana umano SCD. La proteina ricombinante è stata espressa in cellule di insetto e purificata in presenza del detergente DDM attraverso IMAC. La resa e la purezza del prodotto proteico ad oggi non è ancora ottimale ma la quantità di enzima è sufficiente per allestire prove di cristallizzazione e per condurre studi biochimici e strutturali.
This thesis work was aimed at the expression, purification and crystallization of three human proteins (bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase, BAAT; farnesyl cysteine-carboxyl methyltransferase, Ste14; and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD) in order to determine their three-dimensional structure using X-ray crystallography. The cDNA sequences were cloned into specific vectors for overexpression in heterologous systems. The choice of the best expression system was made considering the protein yield, stability and integrity before scaling up. Human BAAT was expressed in E.coli. The recombinant protein was purified by IMAC, reverse IMAC and gel filtration. The integrity of the sample was assessed by mass spectrometry and its homogeneity using DLS. The enzymatic activity was controlled verifying the presence of the products by mass spectrometry. In addition to the wild type protein, the catalytic mutant (C235A) was cloned and expressed to carry out crystallization trials in the presence of the substrate. The samples obtained are sufficiently pure, stable and homogeneous to set up crystallization trials. Crystals were obtained only with the mutant but they are not sufficiently ordered for X-ray diffraction experiments. Using the high-throughput system published by Drew et al., 2008, the membrane protein Ste14 from C.glabrata was selected as a good candidate for a large scale production in order to conduct structural studies. The system uses S.cerevisiae to overexpress membrane proteins; the protein of interest is cloned into a GFPfusion vector allowing to estimate the expression level and the stability in several detergents by measuring fluorescence directly in cell extracts. The enzyme was purified by IMAC, reverse IMAC and gel filtration in the presence of the detergents DDM and LDAO. The gel filtration profile indicates that the sample is ‘monodisperse’ and hence adequate to set crystallization trials. Up to now no suitable crystals were obtained. Finally, a protocol for the expression and purification of the human membrane enzyme SCD was developed. The recombinant protein was expressed in insect cells and purified in the presence of the detergent DDM by IMAC. Until now the yield and the purity obtained are not optimal but a sufficient quantity of the enzyme can be extracted to carry out crystallization trials aimed at structural and biochemical studies.
Heterologous expression of three enzymes forstructural studies
CIVIERO, Laura
2010-01-01
Abstract
This thesis work was aimed at the expression, purification and crystallization of three human proteins (bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase, BAAT; farnesyl cysteine-carboxyl methyltransferase, Ste14; and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD) in order to determine their three-dimensional structure using X-ray crystallography. The cDNA sequences were cloned into specific vectors for overexpression in heterologous systems. The choice of the best expression system was made considering the protein yield, stability and integrity before scaling up. Human BAAT was expressed in E.coli. The recombinant protein was purified by IMAC, reverse IMAC and gel filtration. The integrity of the sample was assessed by mass spectrometry and its homogeneity using DLS. The enzymatic activity was controlled verifying the presence of the products by mass spectrometry. In addition to the wild type protein, the catalytic mutant (C235A) was cloned and expressed to carry out crystallization trials in the presence of the substrate. The samples obtained are sufficiently pure, stable and homogeneous to set up crystallization trials. Crystals were obtained only with the mutant but they are not sufficiently ordered for X-ray diffraction experiments. Using the high-throughput system published by Drew et al., 2008, the membrane protein Ste14 from C.glabrata was selected as a good candidate for a large scale production in order to conduct structural studies. The system uses S.cerevisiae to overexpress membrane proteins; the protein of interest is cloned into a GFPfusion vector allowing to estimate the expression level and the stability in several detergents by measuring fluorescence directly in cell extracts. The enzyme was purified by IMAC, reverse IMAC and gel filtration in the presence of the detergents DDM and LDAO. The gel filtration profile indicates that the sample is ‘monodisperse’ and hence adequate to set crystallization trials. Up to now no suitable crystals were obtained. Finally, a protocol for the expression and purification of the human membrane enzyme SCD was developed. The recombinant protein was expressed in insect cells and purified in the presence of the detergent DDM by IMAC. Until now the yield and the purity obtained are not optimal but a sufficient quantity of the enzyme can be extracted to carry out crystallization trials aimed at structural and biochemical studies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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