L’ideazione di farmaci antitumorali che riconoscono recettori o antigeni della superficie cellulare, come le Immunotossine, rappresentano un approccio promettente per il trattamento di pazienti affetti da cancro. La capacità di indurre l’apoptosi dell’Immunotossina IL4PE40 deriva dal frammento di 40 kDa della tossina PE (Pseudomonas esotossina A) e la sua specificità dalla forma permutata dell’interleuchina-4. IL4PE40 prodotta da E. coli è estratta dai corpi d’inclusione e purificata nella sua forma attiva tramite cromatografia di affinità. Comunque, la translazione clinica di molecole terapeutiche prodotte da E. coli è spesso difficoltosa, a causa di contaminazioni da endotossine e di protocolli laboriosi per la purificazione dei corpi d’inclusione che rendono difficile la riproducibilità della procedura di isolamento. Per superare questi svantaggi, ho clonato il gene di IL4PE40 in un vettore d’espressione per il lievito Pastoris pastoris. In letteratura è riportato che P. pastoris è in grado di secernere grammi per litro di proteine eterologhe in un terreno povero di proteine, economico e chimicamente definito. La presenza di un peptide segnale all’N-terminale della proteina ricombinante permette la secrezione della proteina nativa nel terreno di coltura. Inoltre il basso livello di secrezione di proteine endogene nel terreno di coltura, facilita i passaggi di purificazione del prodotto finale. Nel mio lavoro la resa di IL4PE40 prodotta dal lievito è stata ottimizzata dal utilizzo del “codon usage” del lievito e dall’analisi di diverse condizioni di induzione. Dopo l’ottimizzazione P. pastoris è in grado di produrre 120 µg di Immunotossina da un litro di coltura; questo quantità è lontana dai risultati ottenuti in altri lavori con proteine non tossiche. Inoltre, benché dopo l’ottimizzazione la resa sia aumentata, le proteine ottenute da colture ottimizzate di P. pastoris mostrano un considerevole livello di degradazione. La translocazione della proteina tossica nel citosol durante la biosintesi potrebbe portare ad una dminuzione della produzione. Inoltre, sembra che nel terreno del lievito siano presenti proteasi in grado di degradare la molecola ricombinante. Saggi di degradazione con la PE nativa e dati della letteratura suggeriscono che diverse proteasi (serine e subtilisine) potrebbero cooperare nella degradazione di IL4PE40. Nella mia tesi sono inoltre descritti esperimenti pianificati per superare queste limitazioni.
Rationally designed anticancer agents targeting cell-surface antigens or receptors, such as Immunotoxins, represent a promising approach for treating cancer patients. The Immunotoxin IL4PE40 derives its activity to induce apoptosis from the 40 kDa PE fragment (Pseudomonas exotoxin A) and its specificity from the permuted form of interleukin-4. IL4PE40 produced in E. coli was extracted from inclusion bodies and purified by affinity chromatography, in its active form. However, the clinical translation of therapeutic molecules produced in E. coli is often difficult, due to endotoxin contaminations and laborious protocols of inclusion bodies purification that make hard the reproducibility of the isolation procedures. To overcome these disadvantages, I cloned the IL4PE40 gene into a yeast expression vector for use in the Pichia pastoris yeast. In the literature it is reported that P. pastoris can secrete grams per liter of foreign proteins in a protein-poor medium that is inexpensive and chemically defined. The presence of a signal peptide at the N-terminus of the recombinant protein allows the secretion of native protein within the culture medium. In addition, the low level of endogenous proteins secreted in the culture medium facilitates the purification steps of the final product. In my work the yield of IL4PE40 produced by yeast was optimized by yeast codon usage and by testing different induction conditions. After optimization the yeast P. pastoris was able to produce 120 µg of full-length Immunotoxin from 1 liter of culture, which is far from results obtained with non-toxic proteins by other workers. Moreover, although after optimization the yield increased, proteins obtained from optimized cultures of P. pastoris show a considerable level of degradation. The translocation of toxic fusion proteins in the cytosol during biosynthesis may lead to such low protein production. Additionally, it appears that proteases cleaving the recombinant molecules cold be present in the yeast medium. Preliminary cleavage assays with native PE and literature data suggest that several proteases (serine proteases and subtilisins) could cooperate in the IL4PE40 cleavage. Planned experiments to overcome these limitations are also described in my thesis.
Pichia pastoris: an eukariotic system for the expression of recombinant therapeutic molecules
BARISON, Erika
2010-01-01
Abstract
Rationally designed anticancer agents targeting cell-surface antigens or receptors, such as Immunotoxins, represent a promising approach for treating cancer patients. The Immunotoxin IL4PE40 derives its activity to induce apoptosis from the 40 kDa PE fragment (Pseudomonas exotoxin A) and its specificity from the permuted form of interleukin-4. IL4PE40 produced in E. coli was extracted from inclusion bodies and purified by affinity chromatography, in its active form. However, the clinical translation of therapeutic molecules produced in E. coli is often difficult, due to endotoxin contaminations and laborious protocols of inclusion bodies purification that make hard the reproducibility of the isolation procedures. To overcome these disadvantages, I cloned the IL4PE40 gene into a yeast expression vector for use in the Pichia pastoris yeast. In the literature it is reported that P. pastoris can secrete grams per liter of foreign proteins in a protein-poor medium that is inexpensive and chemically defined. The presence of a signal peptide at the N-terminus of the recombinant protein allows the secretion of native protein within the culture medium. In addition, the low level of endogenous proteins secreted in the culture medium facilitates the purification steps of the final product. In my work the yield of IL4PE40 produced by yeast was optimized by yeast codon usage and by testing different induction conditions. After optimization the yeast P. pastoris was able to produce 120 µg of full-length Immunotoxin from 1 liter of culture, which is far from results obtained with non-toxic proteins by other workers. Moreover, although after optimization the yield increased, proteins obtained from optimized cultures of P. pastoris show a considerable level of degradation. The translocation of toxic fusion proteins in the cytosol during biosynthesis may lead to such low protein production. Additionally, it appears that proteases cleaving the recombinant molecules cold be present in the yeast medium. Preliminary cleavage assays with native PE and literature data suggest that several proteases (serine proteases and subtilisins) could cooperate in the IL4PE40 cleavage. Planned experiments to overcome these limitations are also described in my thesis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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