Nella preeclampia si è dimostrata la presenza di un difetto nella sintesi di fattori angiogenetici unitamente a fattori di rischio di tipo metabolico che potrebbero anche in modo disgiunto determinare lo sviluppo della malattia. Dati sperimentali suggeriscono che eicosanoidi derivati dal metabolismo dell’acido arachidonico via citocromo P450 (CYP), implicati nella regolazione della pressione arteriosa e della escrezione renale di sodio, potrebbero avere un ruolo nel determinare un’alterata vascolarizzazione placentare e lo sviluppo dell’ipertensione arteriosa e della disfunzione renale nella gravida. Abbiamo studiato in maniera trasversale 19 donne con gravidanza complicata da preeclampsia (ipertensione dopo la 20ma settimana di gestazione e proteinuria >300 mg/die) confrontate con 33 donne con gravidanza fisiologica al momento del parto e 20 donne non gravide. I tre gruppi erano pareggiati per età (21-45 anni), BMI pregravidico (in tutte le preeclamptiche< 21) ed assenza di fattori di rischio metabolici (obesità, diabete mellito, preesistente ipertensione arteriosa). E’ stata analizzata mediante spettrometria di massa la concentrazione plasmatica di acidi eicosaepossitrienoici (EETs) e dei loro metaboliti (DHETs, misurati in plasma ed urine) assieme a quella plasmatica ed urinaria di acido 20-idrossieicosatetraenoico (20-HETE). L’analisi dei dati riguardanti gli eicosanoidi derivati dal metabolismo dell’acido arachidonico via citocromo P450 ha dimostrato un incremento statisticamente significativo della concentrazione di EETs plasmatici nella gravidanza normotesa (mediana 9.92, range 6.34-25.15) rispetto al controllo non gravido (mediana 7.33, range 3.73-10.26, n=32) ed ancor più evidente nella gravidanza complicata con preeclampsia (mediana 10.89, range 5.97-48.04, n=19) rispetto al controllo non gravido (mediana 7.33, range 3.73-10.26, n=20 con p<0.0001 preeclampsia vs controlli e gravidanza vs controlli) senza significative modificazioni di DHETs plasmatico mentre l’escrezione urinaria dei DHETs, è maggiore nella gravidanza normotesa rispetto alla condizione non gravidica, ed inferiore in caso di preeclampsia (p<0.05). Il dato si conferma anche se corretto per creatinina ed è indicativo di possibile ridotta attività i epossido idrolasi in gravidanza. La concentrazione del 20-HETE plasmatico nella gravidanza normotesa (mediana 0.38, range 0.18-0.74, n=32) è inferiore rispetto alla condizione extragravidica (mediana 0.52, range 0.31-0.76, n=20, p<0.01) mentre non presenta differenze rispetto a quella rilevata nella preeclampsia (mediana 0.4, range 0.13-1.1, n=19). Per quanto concerne l’ escrezione urinaria di 20-HETE, possibile spia della produzione intrarenale, i tre gruppi presentano un comportamento omogeneo anche correggendo i dati per l’escrezione renale di creatinina. In un secondo studio sono state confrontate le concentrazioni plasmatiche di EETs, DHETs e 20-HETE ottenute dal sangue materno e da quello cordonale in 7 soggetti con preeclampsia, 16 donne con gravidanza fisiologica e 16 controlli sani non gravidi, tutti pareggiati per età e BMI pregravidico. Il gruppo di donne con preclampsia ha partorito ad età gestazionale più precoce (p<0.001), bambini di peso inferiore (p<0.001) e con placente anch’esse di peso minore (p<0.001) rispetto al gruppo di gravidanza non complicata. I due gruppi inoltre differivano per valori di cretininemia e uricemia significativamente più elevato nel gruppo della preeclampsia (p<0.01) I livelli di EETs, DHETs e 20-HETEs plasmatici e la loro generazione negli eritrociti nel feto si sono dimostrati significativamente più elevati a quanto osservato nel plasma e negli eritrociti delle madri. Questo dato è particolarmente evidente per gli EETs totali derivati dai globuli rossi fetali che sono risultati essere circa 3 volte più elevati di quelli materni (MW p<0.001) e la differenza è ancora più evidente se si considerano gli EETs plasmatici (nella circolazione fetale circa 4 volte più elevati che in quella materna con MW p<0.001). E’ stata osservata una correlazione positiva fra pCO2 del sangue fetale, e concentrazione totale plasmatica di EETs sia considerando globalmente le gravide (r=0.52, p<0.01) sia considerando separatamente il gruppo delle donne con gravidanza complicata da ipertensione arteriosa (r=0.76, p<0.05). In conclusione il nostro lavoro propone un ruolo dei derivati dell’acido arachidonico via CYP nella modulazione dell’emodinamica della gravidanza e della preeclampsia. Nella gravidanza complicata da preeclampsia l’incremento degli EETs, stimolato dall’infiammazione, dall’ipossia e dallo stress ossidativo, potrebbe essere un fattore protettivo per la gravidanza stessa e per il benessere fetale opponendosi all’incremento delle resistenze vascolari periferiche, della rigidità arteriosa e della pressione arteriosa da un lato, e all’ipoperfusione placentare e all’ipossia fetale dall’altro. La riduzione dell’attività dell’epossido-idrolasi potrebbe parzialmente spiegare l’incremento plasmatico di EETs e la ridotta escrezione renale di DHETs nella preeclampsia. I globuli rossi fetali sono fonte di produzione di EETs. L’incremento della generazione di EETs (vasodilatanti, anti-infiammatori e pro-angiogenetici) potrebbe modulare l’emodinamica feto-placentare, soprattutto in condizioni di ipossia (correlazione EETs-pCO2).
In preeclampia proved the presence of a defect in the synthesis of angiogenic factors along with metabolic risk factors that could also lead to disjointed development of the disease.Experimental data suggest that eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) involved in regulating blood pressure and renal sodium excretion, may have a role in abnormal placental vascularization and development of hypertension and renal dysfunction in pregnancy. We studied 19 women in a cross-sectional study involving women with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia (hypertension after the 20th week of gestation and proteinuria> 300 mg / day) compared with 33 women with physiological pregnancy at delivery and 20 non-pregnant women.The three groups were matched for age (21-45 years), BMI pregravidico (all preeclamptic women <21) and absence of metabolic risk factors (obesity, diabetes mellitus, preexisting hypertension). It 'was analyzed by mass spectrometry eicosaepossitrienoici plasma concentration of acids (EETs) and their metabolites (DHETs measured in plasma and urine) along with the plasma and urinary 20-idrossieicosatetraenoico acid (20-HETE). The analysis of data concerning the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism via cytochrome P450 showed a statistically significant increase in concentration of plasma EETs in normotensive pregnancy (median 9.92, range 6.34-25.15) compared to control non-pregnant (median 7.33, range 3.73-10.26, n = 32) and even more evident in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (median 10.89, range 5.97-48.04, n = 19) compared with non pregnant controls (median 7.33, range 3.73-10.26, n = 20 p <0.0001 vs. controls and preeclampsia pregnancy vs controls) without significant changes in plasma DHETs. The urinary excretion of DHETs is greater in pregnancy compared to normotensive non-pregnant condition, and lower in case of preeclampsia (p <0.05). The figure confirms if corrected for creatinine and is indicative of possible reduced activity of epoxide hydrolase during pregnancy. The concentration of plasma 20-HETE in normotensive pregnancy (median 0.38, range 0.18-0.74, n = 32) is lower than non- pregnant women (median 0.52, range 0.31-0.76, n = 20, p <0.01) while no differences than that seen in preeclampsia (median 0.4, range 0.13-1.1, n = 19). Regarding the 'urinary excretion of 20-HETE, can spy intrarenal production, the three groups have a homogeneous behavior also correcting the data for the renal excretion of creatinine. In a second study we compared the plasma concentrations of EETs, and 20-HETE DHETs obtained from maternal blood and from umbilical cord in 7 patients with preeclampsia, 16 women with physiological pregnancy and 16 nonpregnant healthy controls, all matched for age and BMI pregravidico. The group of women with preeclampsia gave birth at earlier gestational age (p <0.001), children weighing less (p <0.001) and also with placentas weighing less (p <0.001) versus uncomplicated pregnancy. Both groups also differed in values cretininemia and uric acid significantly higher in the preeclampsia group (p <0.01). The levels of EETs, DHETs and 20-DHETs plasma and erythrocytes in blood of the umbilical vein that drains the placenta were significantly higher than that observed in plasma and erythrocytes of mothers (brachial vein). This finding is particularly evident for total EETs derived from fetal red blood cells, that were found to be approximately 3 times higher than maternal (MW p <0.001) and the difference is even more evident if one considers the plasma EETs (the fetal circulation around 4 times higher than in the maternal one (MW p<0.001). It was observed a positive correlation between fetal blood pCO2 and total plasma concentration of EETs whereas both globally pregnant (r = 0.52, p <0.01) and considering separately the group of women with pregnancies complicated by hypertension (r = 0.76, p <0.05). In conclusion, our work suggests a role of arachidonic acid derivatives via CYP modulation of hemodynamics in pregnancy and preeclampsia. In pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, the increase in EETs, stimulated from inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress, could be a protective factor for pregnancy and fetal well-being opposed to the increase in peripheral vascular resistance, arterial stiffness and blood pressure on one side and the other all'ipoperfusione placenta and fetal hypoxia. The decline of epossido-hydrolase may partially explain the increase of plasma EETs and reduced renal excretion of the DHETs preeclampsia. Fetal red blood cells are the source of production of EETs. The increase in the generation of EETs (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic) may modulate the fetal-placental hemodynamics, especially in hypoxic conditions (pCO2-correlation EETs).
Modulazione della funzione vascolare in gravidanza e preeclampsia
AMEN, Gabriella
2010-01-01
Abstract
In preeclampia proved the presence of a defect in the synthesis of angiogenic factors along with metabolic risk factors that could also lead to disjointed development of the disease.Experimental data suggest that eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) involved in regulating blood pressure and renal sodium excretion, may have a role in abnormal placental vascularization and development of hypertension and renal dysfunction in pregnancy. We studied 19 women in a cross-sectional study involving women with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia (hypertension after the 20th week of gestation and proteinuria> 300 mg / day) compared with 33 women with physiological pregnancy at delivery and 20 non-pregnant women.The three groups were matched for age (21-45 years), BMI pregravidico (all preeclamptic women <21) and absence of metabolic risk factors (obesity, diabetes mellitus, preexisting hypertension). It 'was analyzed by mass spectrometry eicosaepossitrienoici plasma concentration of acids (EETs) and their metabolites (DHETs measured in plasma and urine) along with the plasma and urinary 20-idrossieicosatetraenoico acid (20-HETE). The analysis of data concerning the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism via cytochrome P450 showed a statistically significant increase in concentration of plasma EETs in normotensive pregnancy (median 9.92, range 6.34-25.15) compared to control non-pregnant (median 7.33, range 3.73-10.26, n = 32) and even more evident in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia (median 10.89, range 5.97-48.04, n = 19) compared with non pregnant controls (median 7.33, range 3.73-10.26, n = 20 p <0.0001 vs. controls and preeclampsia pregnancy vs controls) without significant changes in plasma DHETs. The urinary excretion of DHETs is greater in pregnancy compared to normotensive non-pregnant condition, and lower in case of preeclampsia (p <0.05). The figure confirms if corrected for creatinine and is indicative of possible reduced activity of epoxide hydrolase during pregnancy. The concentration of plasma 20-HETE in normotensive pregnancy (median 0.38, range 0.18-0.74, n = 32) is lower than non- pregnant women (median 0.52, range 0.31-0.76, n = 20, p <0.01) while no differences than that seen in preeclampsia (median 0.4, range 0.13-1.1, n = 19). Regarding the 'urinary excretion of 20-HETE, can spy intrarenal production, the three groups have a homogeneous behavior also correcting the data for the renal excretion of creatinine. In a second study we compared the plasma concentrations of EETs, and 20-HETE DHETs obtained from maternal blood and from umbilical cord in 7 patients with preeclampsia, 16 women with physiological pregnancy and 16 nonpregnant healthy controls, all matched for age and BMI pregravidico. The group of women with preeclampsia gave birth at earlier gestational age (p <0.001), children weighing less (p <0.001) and also with placentas weighing less (p <0.001) versus uncomplicated pregnancy. Both groups also differed in values cretininemia and uric acid significantly higher in the preeclampsia group (p <0.01). The levels of EETs, DHETs and 20-DHETs plasma and erythrocytes in blood of the umbilical vein that drains the placenta were significantly higher than that observed in plasma and erythrocytes of mothers (brachial vein). This finding is particularly evident for total EETs derived from fetal red blood cells, that were found to be approximately 3 times higher than maternal (MW p <0.001) and the difference is even more evident if one considers the plasma EETs (the fetal circulation around 4 times higher than in the maternal one (MW p<0.001). It was observed a positive correlation between fetal blood pCO2 and total plasma concentration of EETs whereas both globally pregnant (r = 0.52, p <0.01) and considering separately the group of women with pregnancies complicated by hypertension (r = 0.76, p <0.05). In conclusion, our work suggests a role of arachidonic acid derivatives via CYP modulation of hemodynamics in pregnancy and preeclampsia. In pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, the increase in EETs, stimulated from inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress, could be a protective factor for pregnancy and fetal well-being opposed to the increase in peripheral vascular resistance, arterial stiffness and blood pressure on one side and the other all'ipoperfusione placenta and fetal hypoxia. The decline of epossido-hydrolase may partially explain the increase of plasma EETs and reduced renal excretion of the DHETs preeclampsia. Fetal red blood cells are the source of production of EETs. The increase in the generation of EETs (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic) may modulate the fetal-placental hemodynamics, especially in hypoxic conditions (pCO2-correlation EETs).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
tesiDOTTORATO-Dr.ssa Gabriella Amen.pdf
non disponibili
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza:
Accesso ristretto
Dimensione
4.62 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.62 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.